electro-, electr-, electri-

The dynamo, the transformer, and the direct-current motor used to drive battery-powered machines today were all invented in a single year by one man.

The year was 1831 and the man was a 39-year-old British scientist, Michael Faraday (1791-1867).

A hat trick refers to three consecutive successes in a game or another endeavor; for example, taking three wickets with three successive deliveries by a bowler in a game of cricket, three goals or points won by a player in a game of soccer, ice hockey, etc.; therefore, sometimes, a threefold feat or success in some other activity including this example of three-electrical achievements all of which were accomplished in one year.

1. The total opposition to the flow of alternating current in a circuit because of resistance and reactance (a form of electric resistance observed in an alternating current).
2. The opposition which a circuit presents to electric current.

The impedance includes both resistance and reactance.

Resistance results from collisions of the current-carrying charged particles with the internal structure of the conductor while reactance is an additional opposition to the movement of an electric charge that comes from the changing electric and magnetic fields in circuits that carry alternating current.

A device that measures the complex ratio of voltage to current in a given circuit at a given frequency.

Energy that is released in short, high-intensity pulses which can kill microorganisms and, in some cases, inactivate enzymes in foods and packaging.

Two energy sources, pulsed light and pulsed electrical fields offer food processors and packagers weapons to combat contamination and extend product shelf life.

Unlike hydrogen peroxide, pulsed light and electrical fields leave no chemical residues.

Unlike heat sterilization or pasteurization, these energies have little if any negative effect on product, taste, texture, color, or nutrient content of the food.

An incessant or unrelenting status of unwanted self-oscillation in an amplifier or other electric circuit: At school, Jim understood electrical instability to be a reaction relating to transistors with amorphous indium-gallium-zink oxide which were analyzed with the illumination of light.

A standard kind of material for insulating electrical equipment; usually, made up of bond or kraft paper which is coated with black or yellow insulating varnish on both sides of the paper.

A nonconducting material that provides electric isolation of two parts at different electric voltages.

Electric insulation is generally an important element in both the technical and economic applications of complex power and electronic systems.

An instrument that has high electrical resistance and which is used for supporting or separating conductors to prevent an undesired flow of electric current from them to other objects.

An effect produced by the combination or superposition of two systems of waves, in which such waves reinforce, neutralize, or in other ways interfere with each other.

Interference can be seen in both the sound waves and the electromagnetic waves; especially, those of visible light and radio.

The length of a conductor when it is expressed in terms of wavelengths, radians, or degrees.

The addition of electrical inductance to a transmission line in order to improve its transmission characteristics throughout a given frequency band.

1. A record obtained in a well, by means of a traveling electrode, that gives a detailed picture of the characteristics and thicknesses of the various geologic strata, and an indication of the water quality, by measuring the apparent resistivity of the materials surrounding a well bore.
2. A recorded measurement of the conductivities and resistivities down the length of an uncased borehole.

It provides a complete record of the formations penetrated.

A recording in uncased sections of a borehole of the conductivities and resistivities of the penetrated formations.

It is used for geological correlations of the strata and evaluations of the possibly productive horizons.

The measurement of any of the many quantities with which electricity is characterized.

1. Any of the unwanted electrical signals in a circuit.
2. The noise generated by electrical devices; for example, motors, engine ignition, power lines, etc.