geo-, ge- +

The study of the distribution of fossil animal remains: Janet studied paleobiogeography and wanted to specialize in paleozoogeography, which dealt with the dispersion or of animals in past geologic times.

A geochemical prospecting survey in which the materials sampled are soil and till: Mr. Williams was involved in a pedogeochemical survey in which he and others explored and collected examples of clay, composed of glacial debris made of sand, gravel, pebbles, cobbles, and sometimes boulders, and soil.

In geology, a study involving geographic soil distribution: In class, Judy was surprised to learn that pedogeography referred to the diffusion or dispersion of earth all over the world.

The point nearest the Earth's center in the orbit of the moon or a satellite: A perigee is the point at which the orbiting object, like the moon, is closest to the Earth's center.

A perigee is the point in any orbit nearest to the body being orbited.

A specialist in the biogeography of plants: Greg's father was a phytogeographer and gave lectures on the geographical distribution of vegetation and the effects of geographical features on animal and plant life.

Someone who writes descriptions about the geographical distribution of plants: In comparison to Greg's father, Mr. Timmons was a phytogeographist who had published many articles about the geographical scattering or spreading of plants.

In biology, the science pertaining to the geographical spreading of plants; geobotany: Phytogeography is mainly a descriptive version about plants being either indigenous, or whether they were brought into an area by some means, and where they came from.

In physical geography, the science dealing with the geographical distribution of various soil types: In his book about soil geography he was reading for class, Thomas found out that there were many different kinds of soils located in various parts of the world, or even in his own country.

A system of curvilinear coordinates (co-ordinate system composed of intersecting surfaces) in which the position of a point in space is designated by its distance from the origin or pole, called the radius vector, the angle φ between the radius vector and a vertically directed polar axis, called the cone angle or co-latitude, and the angle θ between the plane of φ and a fixed meridian plane through the polar axis, called the polar angle or longitude: The spherical coordinates are a set of coordinates used for locating a point in space, representing its distance from an origin and two angles describing its orientation relative to perpendicular axes extending from that origin.

Geographical coordinates refer to a system of coordinates for locating a point in space by the length of its radius vector and the angles this vector makes with two perpendicular polar planes.

A local geological column, or any sequence of rock units or formations, that are found at or under the surface in a particular region: Linda found an article about a stratigraphical section that was discovered in her area which depicted certain rock layers and explained the process of the layering itself.

In geology, the scientific discipline that is concerned with rock deformation on both a large and on a small scale: The scope of structural geology is vast, ranging from submicroscopic lattice defects in crystals to fault structures and fold systems of the Earth’s crust.

Methods of structural geology

Small-scale structural features may be studied using the same general techniques that are employed in petrology, in which sections of rock mounted on glass slides are ground very thin and are then examined with polarizing microscopes.

On a larger scale, the techniques of field geology are used which include plotting the orientation of such structural features as faults, joints, cleavage, and small folds.

In most cases, the objective is to interpret the structure beneath the surface by using information available at the surface.

Where mountains, continents, ocean basins, and other large-scale features are involved, the methods employed are chiefly those of geophysics and include the use of seismological, magnetic, and gravitational techniques.

The study of the distributions of dead organisms: Kitty was fascinated by thanatogeography in which she learned all about the dispersal of dead forms of life over all or over part of the world.

A reference to the study of the geographical variants and distributions of temperatures: Sally read about thermogeographical changes in weather which referred to the degrees of coldness or hotness in the atmosphere which were recorded over the last 100 years.

The investigation of the geographical distributions and variations of temperatures: Included in thermogeography are the changes or deviations in the degrees of heat or of coldness in the air throughout the world, or in a particular area.

A field of study which maps the growing regions of seedling organisms and analyzes them in terms of ecology, environmental, or ecological conditions: Mr. Younge, the professor of geography, was telling Kevin and the rest of his students about vegetational plant geography and how it differs in various areas of the world.