electro-, electr-, electri-

1. The relationship among the various parameters in an electron tube when voltage and current are constant.
2. The relation between two of variables of an electron tube; such as, electrode voltage and electrode current of an electrode with all other voltages maintained constant.

1. An instrument in which electrons move through a vacuum or gaseous medium within a gas-tight chamber; used to generate, to amplify, and to correct electric oscillations and AC currents.
2. An electronic apparatus that consists, typically, of a sealed glass bulb containing two or more electrodes.

It is used to generate, to amplify, and to rectify electric oscillations and alternating currents.

3. An electron device in which electricity is conducted by electrons moving through a vacuum or gaseous medium within an hermetically sealed envelope.

A tube can perform rectification, amplification, modulation, demodulation, oscillation, limiting, and a variety of other activities.

Examples include cathode-ray tubes, gas tubes, phototubes, and vacuum tubes.

Instruments that are used to control the flow of electrons.

Such tools may be either gas filled, or partially or fully evacuated; such as,vacuums.

Common tubes include vacuum tubes, cathode-ray tubes, phototubes, mercury vapor tubes, thyratrons, and microwave tubes.

Thyratrons are gas-filled hot-cathode tubes which are used as electronic switches or relays in which signals applied to the control grids initiates anode currents but does not limit them and cannot interrupt, the flow of electrons.

1. The passage of electrons through a potential barrier which they would not be able to cross according to classical mechanics; such as, a thin insulating barrier between two superconductors.
2. The phenomena of a particle's ability to penetrate energy barriers within electronic structures.

A unit of charge, negative or positive, which is equal to the charge on an electron.

A tool used to measure a vacuum with the ionization effect that an electron flow (from an incandescent filament to a charged grid) has on gas molecules.

The rate or speed of motion of an electron.

1. A unit of energy equal to the energy acquired by an electron falling through a potential difference of one volt.
2. A unit of energy defined as the kinetic energy acquired by an electron that is accelerated through a potential difference of one volt; equivalent to 1.6022 x 10^-19 joules.
3. A unit of energy used in atomic and nuclear physics, equal to the energy gained by an electron.
4. A unit of electrical energy used in nuclear physics.

It is equal to the energy gained by an electron when it moves from one point to a point higher in potential by one volt and it is a unit of energy or work, not of voltage.

The de Broglie wave, or probability amplitude wave (amount by which a voltage or current changes from zero or an average value), associated with an electron.

A function of the spin orientation and position of one or more electrons, specifying the dynamical state of the electrons.

The square of the function's modulus gives the probability per unit volume of finding electrons at a given position.

The wavelength necessary to account for the deviation of electron rays in crystals by wave diffraction theory.

1. Producing insensibility to pain with the use of electrical current.
2. The induction of unconsciousness by the application of electricity to the brain between electrodes placed on the temples.
3. Anesthesia that is induced or produced by passing precisely controlled electric current through the brain without causing convulsions: One example of electronarcosis is the treatment of psychiatric disorders.

A process using a stream of electrons to heat and to bond two conductors within a vacuum.

1. The process of boring tiny holes into a material; such as, a ferrite or semiconductor, with a tightly focused electron beam.
2. Drilling of tiny holes in a ferrite, semiconductor, or other material by using a sharply focused electron beam to melt and evaporate or sublimate the material in a vacuum.

1. An evaporation technique in which the evaporant is heated with electron bombardment.
2. An electronic transducer, either fixed or adjustable, that reduces the amplitude of a wave without causing significant distortion.

Electron beam evaporation is a commonly used process for coating lenses and filters with anti-reflection, scratch-resistant or other specialized coatings.

The process is also commonly used for coating insulating and resistor films on electronic components.