-ation, -ization (-iz[e] + -ation); -isation (British spelling variation)

To repeat something; such as, facts, ideas, etc. without understanding them or explaining them: The speaker memorized the historical scientific names making unacceptable regurgitations of them during his speech; in other words, the he was just throwing out facts and figures without any relevant explanations or interconnections.

1. In a wave-like motion; a gentle rising and falling in the manner of waves.
2. A motion to and fro, up and down, or from side to side, in any fluid or elastic medium, propagated continuously among its particles, but with no translation of the particles themselves in the direction of the propagation of the wave; a wave motion; a vibration.
3. A regular rising and falling, or movement, to alternating sides.
4. One of a series of wavelike bends, curves, or elevations.

The expansion of a city or metropolitan area, namely the proportion of total population or area in urban localities or areas (cities and towns), or the increase of this proportion over time.

1. Illegally appropriating and holding an office or powers by force: The military usurpation of the throne of the king resulted in a different form of supreme authority.
2. Entry to another person's property without a legal right or permission: The usurpation of the demonstrators into the shopping center created all kinds of havoc or disruptions for the stores and the shoppers.
3. The seizure or the exercise of authority or possession of something wrongfully: The newspapers accused some city council members of a usurpation of the mayor's governing powers.

1. A period of suspension of work, study, or other activity, usually used for rest, recreation, or travel; recess or holiday: "Schoolchildren are on vacation now."
2. Leisure time away from work devoted to rest or pleasure: "Employees working for this company are entitled to two weeks of vacation each year."

"Iva's friends are taking their vacation in Paris next month."

3. A part of the year, regularly set aside, when normal activities of law courts, legislatures, etc., are suspended.
4. Etymology: "Freedom" or "release" (from some activity or occupation), from Old French vacation, from Latin vacationem, "leisure, being free from duty", from vacare, "to be empty, to be free", or "to be at leisure".

Literally, "an empty period"; that is, "a period unoccupied with work or duty".

1. The administration of antigenic material to produce immunity to a disease, which will prevent or ameliorate the effects of infection by a pathogen.
2. Injection of a dead, or inactivated, microbe in order to stimulate the immune system against the microbe, thereby preventing disease.

Vaccinations, or immunizations, work by stimulating the immune system, the natural disease-fighting system of the body.

The healthy immune system is able to recognize invading bacteria and viruses and produce substances (antibodies) to destroy or disable them.

Immunizations prepare the immune system to ward off a disease. To immunize against viral diseases, the virus used in the vaccine has been weakened or killed.

To only immunize against bacterial diseases, it is generally possible to use a small portion of the dead bacteria to stimulate the formation of antibodies against the whole bacteria.

In addition to the initial immunization process, it has been found that the effectiveness of immunizations can be improved by periodic repeat injections or "boosters".

Vaccination continued, or repeated, until the vaccine virus has no effect.

1. A state of indecision or irresolution.
2. Unsteady movement; fluctuation.
3. A wavering; a moving one way and then the other; a reeling or staggering.
2. A fluctuation of one's mind; unsteadiness.
4. The change from one object to another in an indecisive manner.
5. Being uncertain as to what to do, or to change frequently between two opinions.

The act of emptying; evacuation.

1. The rapid change of water into steam; especially, in a boiler.
2. A solid or liquid that has been changed into a moisture or steam.
3. To destroy by, or as if by, converting something into particles: "The vaporization of the building was cased by a bomb."