-ation, -ization (-iz[e] + -ation); -isation (British spelling variation)

1. The sudden formation and collapse of low-pressure bubbles in liquids by means of mechanical forces; such as, those resulting from rotation of a marine propeller.
2. The formation of gas bubbles in a liquid, due to pressure variations, heating, or vibration.

Specifically, the formation of gas pockets or bubbles on the blade of an impeller or the gate of a valve; collapse of these pockets or bubbles drives water with such force that it can cause pitting on the surface.

3. The pitting of a solid surface.
4. In medicine, the formation of cavities in a body tissue or an organ, especially those formed in the lung as a result of tuberculosis.

A suspension of the cecum, or any blind pouch or blind gut, to correct excessive movements of a bodily organ: Linda's mother had to go to the hospital to correct a cecofixation in her abdomen because it was causing pains.

1. A joyful occasion for special festivities to mark some happy event.
2. Any joyous diversion.
3. The public performance of a church sacrament or a solemn observance with all appropriate rituals.

1. The act of cementing or the result of cementing.
2. The application of cement or a similar substance to something, or the result of this.
3. The modification of a solid, especially a metal, by heating it with one or more other substances that will diffuse into the surface; such as, the production of steel by heating it with charcoal.
4. A metallurgical coating process in which iron or steel is immersed in a powder of another metal; such as, zinc, chromium, or aluminum, and heated to a temperature below the melting point of either.
5. In geology, sedimentary rock formation or the process in which percolating ground water deposits a cementing material to form a sedimentary rock.
6. The injecting of cement into holes or fissures in rocks to make them watertight or strong.
7. The attachment of anything with cement; such as, of restorative material to a natural tooth, or of bands to teeth.

1. Validating the authenticity of something or someone.
2. A document attesting to the truth of certain stated facts.
3. A confirmation that some fact or statement is true.
4. Etymology: from Old French certifier, "make certain"; from Late Latin certificare, from Latin certus + a form of the root facere, "to make, do".

1. A stop, pause, or interruption; especially, a permanent discontinuation.
2. A temporary or complete stopping; a discontinuance: "There was a cessation of hostilities between the two nations."
3. Etymology: from Old French cessation, from Latin cessationem, cessatio, "a delaying, ceasing", from Latin cessare, "to delay" directly related to cease, from Latin cessare, "to delay, to stop".

This was derived from cessus, the past participle of cedere, "to go away, to withdraw, to yield".

Reproductive sterilization of noxious pests, especially insects, by chemical means.

An obsolete term for the use of chloroform to induce general anesthesia.

Conversion into cartilage.

The act of taking food.

1. The formation of a cicatrix or a scar; scarring, scarification.
2. The process of scar evolution associated with a wound contraction.

In some societies, a smooth, unmarked skin represents an ideal of beauty; however, there are some people in other cultures who see smooth skin as an unfinished surface.

Scarification body art alters the skin's texture by cutting the skin and controlling the body's healing process.

The incisions, which are treated to prevent infection and to enhance the scars' visibility, leave a greater visibility of the scars after the skin heals.

Inserting substances like clay or ash in the wounds results in permanently raised weals or bumps, known as keloids, or cheloids, (a red, raised formation of fibrous scar tissue caused by excessive tissue repair in response to a surgical incision or cuts).

Substances inserted into the wounds may also result in a different skin color, which leave patterns similar to tattoos.

Circulating printed notices as a means of advertising.

1. The continuous movement of blood through the heart and blood vessels, which is maintained chiefly by the action of the heart, and by which nutrients, oxygen, and internal secretions are carried to and wastes are carried from the body tissues.
2. An act or instance of circulating, moving or flowing in a circle or circuit.
3. Any similar circuit, passage, or flow, as of sap in plants or air currents in a room.
4. The transmission or passage of anything from place to place or person to person; such as, the circulation of a rumor; the circulation of money.
5. The distribution of copies of a periodical among subscribers.
6. The number of copies of each issue of a newspaper, magazine, etc., distributed to those who buy such media.
7. The movement of coins, notes, bills, etc., in use as money; also known as, "currency".
8. The lending of library books and other materials or the number of books and materials that a library has loaned out to patrons.

The act of moving or stirring around or about: Circumagitation was need in order to have the closed can of paint mixed well before using.