-ics, -tics [-ac after i]

The study of the physical and chemical properties of a drug, and its dosage form, as related to the onset, duration, and intensity of the drug action.

1. The biological applications of photonics, a technology that utilizes light and other forms of radiant energy in which a quantum unit is the photon (the smallest unit used to measure a physical property).
2. A combination of biology and photonics, with photonics being the science and technology of generation, manipulation, and detection of photons, quantum units of light.

Photonics is related to electronics in that it is believed that photons will play a similar central role in future information technology as electrons do today.

It includes the study or application of electromagnetic energy whose basic unit is the photon, incorporating optics, laser technology, electrical engineering, materials science, and information storage and processing.

A school of economic thought involving analysts from diverse fields who use basic ecological and thermodynamic principles to analyze the economic process.

1. The science dealing with the mechanical and electrical properties of the parts of a living organism.
2. The study of biological processes and materials by means of the theories and tools of physics.
3. The study of physical processes (e.g., electricity, luminescence) occurring in organisms.
4. The science that applies the laws and methods of physics to the study of biological processes.
5. The science dealing with the mechanical and electrical properties of the parts of living organisms.

For example, the principles of electricity have proven instructive in understanding the functions of nervous systems, while the laws of mechanics help to elucidate the workings of the musculoskeletal system.

Various physical techniques have advanced our knowledge of biologically important molecules (that is, proteins and nucleic acids), notably X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, and spectroscopy.

A career in the hybrid science involved with the methods and ideas of physics and chemistry to study and to explain the structures of living organisms and the mechanics of life processes.

1. The science of the relation between structure and function in organisms.
2. The study of the structure of organisms in relation to their functions, as opposed to biodynamics.

1. A devision of biology that collects and interprets facts that are applied to biological and medical analysis: Violet was very interested in mathematics and the study of life and decided to use her talents in pharmaceutical biotechnology and biostatistics.
2. A part of biometrics which is involved with demography: While in college, Ted took a course in biostatistics dealing specifically with vital statistics, or the data relating to marriages, deaths, births, health, and diseases of people.

Three-dimensional measurement of the body utilizing two stereo cameras to make bodygrams, used in medical diagnosis and anthropological research.

1. A botanical term designating the systematic study of populations and species, especially by means of ecological or experimental methods.
2. The study of the relationships among groups of species using criteria such as morphology, biochemistry, and DNA comparisons, especially to determine the evolutionary history of a species (used with a singular verb).
3. The area of systematics in which experimental taxonomic techniques are applied to investigate the relationships between taxa.

Such techniques include serological methods, biochemical analysis, breeding experiments, and cytological examination, in addition to the more established procedures of comparative anatomy.

Evidence from ecological studies may also be brought to bear.

The practical application of discoveries in the biological sciences.

1. Treatment using biological agents, almost always those made by genetic engineering. Genetic engineering is central to modern biotherapy’s backbone: pharmaceutical biotechnology. Pharmaceutical biotechnology involves using microorganisms, macroscopic organisms, or hybrids of tumor cells and leukocytes.
2. Virtually all biotherapeutic agents in clinical use are biotech pharmaceuticals. A biotech pharmaceutical is simply any medically useful drug whose manufacture involves microorganisms or substances that living organisms produce (e.g., enzymes). Most biotech pharmaceuticals are recombinant‹that is, produced by genetic engineering. Insulin was among the earliest recombinant drugs.
3. In psychology, any form of treatment for abnormal behavior that alters the individual’s physiological processes; such as, electric shock treatment or surgery.
4. The treatment of disease with biologicals, that is, materials produced by living organisms.

The science concerned with the functions of life, or vital activity and force.

1. The use of ultrasonics for biological applications; such as, ultrasonic medical tomography, ultrasonic microscopy, and physical therapy.
2. The study of the interaction of sound at frequencies above about 20 000 hertz with living systems.

The study of cattle and their diseases.

The study of racial degeneration: Cacogenics, also known as dysgenics, is the study of elements that result in the perpetuation of defective genes and characteristics of the offspring of a particular population of people or a species of animals.