mono-, mon-

(Greek: one, alone, single; a number used as a prefix)

antimonopoly
A reference to laws and regulations designed to protect trade and commerce from unfair business practices.
bigamy, monogamy, polygamy
bigamy (BIG uh mee) (noun)
The act of being married to two spouses at the same time: The women were horrified to realize they were the victims of bigamy when they discovered they were both married to the same man!
monogamy (muh NAHG uh mee) (noun)
Marriage to only one person at a time: In many cultures, monogamy is the typical practice of marriage with just one spouse at a time.
polygamy (puh LIG uh mee) (noun)
Plural marriage; having more than one wife or husband at the same time: Occasionally there are articles in the newspapers about obscure religious groups that practice polygamy; for example, one man with thirteen wives.

Bigamy is proof that two rites make a wrong.

—Evan Esar

Monogamy is a monopoly.

—Anonymous

The media headlines about marriage lifestyles were rampant, exclaiming that those who practiced either bigamy or polygamy were carrying things too far. There was no mention about the success of monogamy.

electric monopole
1. An electric charge distribution that is centered about a point or is spherically symmetrical.
2. A distribution of an electric charge which is concentrated at a point or is spherically symmetric.
fibrous dysplasia, monostotic
Fibrous dysplasia of bone involving only one bone.
infectious mononucleosis (noun); pfeiffersches drüsenfieber (German term)
1. An acute infectious disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, producing fever, swelling of the lymph nodes, sore throat, and increased lymphocytes in the blood.
2. A specific viral infection with the Epstein-Barr virus in which there is an increase of white blood cells that are mononuclear (with a single nucleus).

"Mono" and "kissing disease" are popular terms for this very common illness caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV); however, by the time most people reach adulthood, an antibody against EBV can be detected in their blood meaning they have been infected with EBV.

The illness is less severe in young children and the infection can be spread by saliva. Symptoms include fever, fatigue, sore throat, and swollen lymph glands.

"Mono" can cause liver inflammation (hepatitis) and spleen enlargement. Vigorous contact sports should be avoided to prevent spleen rupture.

Since mono is caused by a virus and not bacteria, antibiotics are of no benefit; therefore, treatment is directed at relieving the symptoms, which may persist for one to two months.

monacanthid (s) (noun), monacanthids (pl)
Regarding an organism with one row of ambulacral spines: Examples of monacanthids are certain starfish and sea urchins.

Ambulacral spines refer to any of the radial areas of echinoderms along which run the principal nerves, blood vessels, and elements of the water-vascular system.

monacid (adjective) (not comparable)
Regarding the power of saturating one molecule of a monobasic acid (an acid containing only one replaceable hydrogen atom per molecule): Some bases that are strong can create lasting and stable nonacid salts.
monactine (adjective) (not comparable)
A single-rayed sponge spicule: A monactine is a small hard needle-shaped part, especially one of the calcium-containing or silicon-containing supporting parts of some invertebrates such as sponges and corals.

A small needlelike structure like one of the silicate or calcium carbonate processes holding up the soft tissue of certain invertebrates, especially sponges.

monadelphous (adjective) (not comparable)
In botany, a reference to stamens having the filaments united so as to form one bundle: Some legumes are considered to be monadelphous having the filaments combined into one tubelike group.
monandrous
Having or taking only one husband at a time.
monandry
1. A reference to a female who mates with a single male or the custom of having only one husband at a time.
2. In botany, belonging to a class of flower that has a single stamen.

There is a vast difference between the savage and civilized man, but it is usually not apparent to their wives until after breakfast.

—Helen Rowland
monanthous
1. Bearing a single flower.
2. Having but one flower; one-flowered.
monarch
In early use, a sole and absolute ruler of a state. In modern use, a sovereign bearing the title of king, queen, emperor, or empress, or the equivalent of one of these.
monarchial
Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of a monarchy; that is under the dominion of a monarch.
monarchic
1. Of a government that has the characteristics of a monarchy.

Now rare; usually replaced by monarchical.

2. Of or belonging to a monarchy.
3. Referring to, pertaining to, or favoring monarchy as a form of government.