gnatho-, gnath-, -gnatha, -gnathan, -gnath, -gnathia, -gnathic, -gnathous

(Greek: jaw)

The jaw is the name applied to the bones which contain the teeth.

The two upper jaw-bones, the maxillae, are firmly attached to the other bones of the face.

The lower jaw, the mandible, is shaped in a form similar to that of a horseshoe, and, after the first year of life, it consists of a single bone.

It forms a hinge-joint with the squamous part (thin, plate-like section) of the temporal bone, immediately in front of the ear.

Both the upper and the lower jaw-bones include deep sockets known as alveoli, which contain the roots of the teeth.

—Compiled from information located in
Black's Medical Dictionary, 41st edition;
Edited by Dr. Harvey Marcovitch; The Scarecrow Press, Inc.;
Lanham, Maryland and Oxford, England; 2005; page 385.
prognathic
Characterized by having projecting (extending or jutting out) jaws.
prognathism, prognathus
An abnormal facial configuration in which one or both jaws project forward.

It may be real or imaginary, depending on anatomic or physical and developmental factors.

Real prognathism may exist when both the mandible (lower jawbone) and the maxilla (upper jawbone) increase in length or when the maxillary length is normal and the mandibular length increases excessively.

Imaginary prognathism may exist when the maxilla is underdeveloped and the mandibular length is normal

prognathometer
A tool used for measuring the degree of prognathism (abnormal protrusion of one or both jaws, especially the lower jaw).
prognathous
1. Having jaws that project forward to a significant degree.
2. Jaws that project beyond the upper part of the face; opposed to orthognathous.
Protognathosaurus
A “first-jaw lizard” from Early Jurassic China. The name comes from Greek protos, “first, forward” plus Greek gnathos, “jaw”. Named by paleontologist George Gyorgivich Olshevsky (a.k.a. Dinogeorge) in 1991.
scaphognathite
A thin leafike appendage (the exopodite) of the second maxilla of decapod crustaceans.

It serves as a pumping organ to draw the water through the gill cavity.

schizognath
Any bird with a schizognathous palate or having the maxillo-palatine bones separate from each other and from the vomer (bone), which is pointed in front, as in the gulls, snipes, grouse, and many other birds.
schizognathism
The condition of having a schizognathous palate.
stomatognathic
1. A reference to both the jaws and the mouth.
2. Referring to the mouth and jaws collectively.
syngnathia
Congenital adhesion (joining of parts to each other) of the maxilla (upper jaw) and mandible (lower jaw) by fibrous bands.
syngnaths
Seahorses, common name for certain small fish of the family Syngnathidae
toxognaths
The first pair of limbs, with an opening of a poison duct, in Chilopods (a group of arthropods, commonly called centipedes, having numerous body segments each of which has a pair of walking legs, except the first segment that has a pair of poison claws).