geo-, ge- +

A plant having woody stems arising from an underground woody rhizone.

1. Someone who studies geological phenomena involving the action of ice; especially, of glaciers.
2. Anyone who attributes the phenomena of the drift, in geology, to glaciers.

A line on a spheroid or a reference ellipsoid (circular form) connecting points of equal geodetic longitude at every point.

Geologists who divide all time since the formation of the earliest known rocks (about four billion years ago) into four major divisions: Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic eras.

Each era, except the Cenozoic, ended with profound changes in the disposition of the earth's continents and mountains and was characterized by the emergence of new forms of life.

Broad cyclical patterns, which run through all historical geology, include a period of mountain and continent building followed by one of erosion and, and then by a new period of elevation.

A study of the historical development of the earth from the study of its rocks.

They are analyzed in order to determine their structure, composition, and interrelationships and are examined for remains of past life.

Historical geology includes paleontology, the systematic study of past life forms; stratigraphy, of layered rocks and their interrelationships; as well as, the locations of ancient land masses and their boundaries; and geologic mapping, the superimposing of geologic information upon existing topographic maps.

1. The science dealing with the occurrence and distribution of underground water. Also called hydrology and geohydrology.
2. The branch of geology that deals with the occurrence, distribution, and effect of ground water.
3. That branch of geology that studies the movement of subsurface water through rocks and the effect of moving water on rocks, including their erosion.

A plant that grows in earth and in water.

A plant that lives primarily beneath the surface of the ground, or that germinates with the cotyledons remaining in the soil; such as the peanut or oak.

1. Formed by ascending fluids within the earth; such as, ore or mineral deposits.
2. Formed beneath the earth's surface.

1. Happening or living below ground.
2. Living or germinating below the soil surface.

A line or surface (usually imaginary) connecting points in the interior of the earth having the same temperature; an isogeothermal line.

A descriptive reference to a line or surface (usually imaginary) connecting points in the interior of the earth having the same temperature; an isogeothermal line.

Large-scale, usually highly theoretical, geographical study.

A zoogeographical area consisting of the Palaearctic, Nearctic, Ethopian, and Oriental Regions.

An organism that thrives in or on black loam.