geo-, ge- +

1. Outdated, the theory of the origin or formation of the Earth (no pl): Professor Scott gave a lecture on geogony dealing with the creation, development, and evolution of the world.
2. Outdated, one specific account of the formation of the Earth: Jack's term paper was on geogony regarding the origin or generation of the Earth.

A person who specializes in geographical research, delineation, and study: Dr. Hathaway was a geographer at the university who scientifically investigated and scrutinized the surface of the Earth, including such aspects as its climate, topography, vegetation, and population, as well as the effects on the Earth's surface of human activities.

Relating to geography or to the geography of a specific region: Cathy received her geographic magazine every month which included the topography of specific regions of her country.

The computer hardware, software, and technical expertise applied to assemble and to analyze geographical data: The CIS is especially used for the correlation of databases with graphic displays in order to present information, and it is frequently employed in environmental studies.

The geographic information system is an organized collection of computer hardware, software, geographic data, and personnel designed to efficiently capture, store, update, manipulate, analyze, and display all forms of geographically referenced information which can be drawn from different sources, both statistical and mapped.

Geographic information systems are computer programs linking features commonly seen on maps, such as roads, town boundaries, and water bodies, with related information not usually presented on maps, for example, type of road surface, population, type of agriculture, type of vegetation, or water quality information.

The GIS is a unique information system in which individual observations can be spatially referenced to each other.

The geographic information system is a technology that is used to view and analyze data from a geographic perspective. The technology is a piece of an organization's overall information system framework.

The GIS links locations to information, such as people to addresses, buildings to parcels of land, or streets within a network, and layers that information to give a better understanding of how it all interrelates. The user can then choose which layers to combine based on his/her purpose.

There's more information at the Geographic Information System (GIS): Index

A

Geographic System, Part 1.

Geographic System, Part 2.

Geographic Information System, Mapping.

(GIS): Index.

The evolutionary development of plant or animal groups whose members all have similar general features and are able to produce young plants or animals together: A geographic speciation is an evolutionary change leading to the rise of new species resulting from the separations of biological populations into mutually exclusive geographic regions, thereby creating distinct gene pools.

Geographic speciation refers to the differentiation of populations of biological groups in various geographical isolations to the point where they are recognized as separate species.

1. Referring to, or characterized by the science that has for its objectives the description of the Earth’s surface: Geographical aspects include the form and physical features of the Earth, its natural and political divisions, the climate, productions, population, etc., of the various countries.
2. In general, the terms geographic and geographical are interchangeable, and compound terms listed here as beginning with one form can also be written with the other form.

Any part or portion of the Earth's surface which has been delimited or recognized by some particular characteristic: A geographical area is a region of land that can be considered as a unit for the purposes of some geographical classification.

A major division of plant science which is concerned with all aspects of the spatial distribution of vegetation: Geographical botany, plant geography, and phytogeography all involve the study of the spatial distributions of plant life and of the environmental relationships which may influence these distributions.

Plant geography has emphasized the mapping of such regions and the interpretation of the terms of environmental (ecological) influences.

The areas of phytogeography and zoogeography do not necessarily exist together in the same place, because there are barriers and factors that affect their growth and arrangements which are often different for plants and for animals.

The point on which a given area on the Earth would balance: Debbie read about a geographical center in her textbook to be a spot on the Earth which would balance if if were a plate of uniform thickness.

A deep steep-walled half-bowl-like recess or hollow, variously described as horseshoe-shaped, crescent-shaped, or semi-circular in form, is situated high on the side of a mountain and commonly at the head of a glacial valley and produced by the erosive activity of a mountain glacier: A geographical circque often contains a small round lake, and it may or may not be occupied by ice or snow.

The world-wide system of latitude and longitude used to define the location of any point on the Earth's surface or to designate both geodetic coordinates and astronomical coordinates: Geographic coordinates refer to the quantities of latitude and longitude which define the position of a point on the surface of the Earth with respect to the reference spheroid.