geo-, ge- +

1. A person who specializes in geographical research, delineation, and study.
2. Someone who scientifically studies the surface of the earth, including such aspects as its climate, topography, vegetation, and population; as well as, the effects on the earth's surface of human activities.

1. Relating to geography or to the geography of a specific region.
2. Concerning the topography of a specific region.

Geographic System, Part 1.

Geographic System, Part 2.

Geographic Information System, Mapping.

(GIS): Index.

1. The computer hardware, software, and technical expertise applied to assemble and to analyze geographical data; especially, the correlation of databases with graphic displays to present information; frequently employed in environmental studies.
2. An organized collection of computer hardware, software, geographic data, and personnel designed to efficiently capture, store, update, manipulate, analyze, and display all forms of geographically referenced information which can be drawn from different sources, both statistical and mapped.
3. Computer programs linking features commonly seen on maps; such as, roads, town boundaries, and water bodies, with related information not usually presented on maps; for examlple, type of road surface, population, type of agriculture, type of vegetation, or water quality information.

GIS is a unique information system in which individual observations can be spatially referenced to each other.

4. A technology that is used to view and analyze data from a geographic perspective. The technology is a piece of an organization's overall information system framework.

GIS links locations to information; such as, people to addresses, buildings to parcels of land, or streets within a network, and layers that information to give a better understanding of how it all interrelates. The user can than choose which layers to combine based on his/her purpose.

There's more information at the Geographic Information System (GIS): Index

The evolutionary development of plant or animal groups whose members all have similar general features and are able to produce young plants or animals together: "An evolutionary change leading to the rise of new species resulting from the separations of biological populations into mutually exclusive geographic regions, thereby creating distinct gene pools."

"Differentiation of populations of biological groups in various geographical isolations to the point where they are recognized as separate species."

1. Referring to, or characterized by, the science that has for its objectives the description of the earth’s surface, with reference to its form and physical features, its natural and political divisions, the climate, productions, population, etc., of the various countries.
2. In general, the terms geographic and geographical are interchangeable, and compound terms listed here as beginning with one form can also be written with the other form.

1. Any part or portion of the earth's surface which has been delimited or recognized by some particular characteristic.
2. An area of land that can be considered as a unit for the purposes of some geographical classification.

A major division of plant science which is concerned with all aspects of the spatial distribution of vegetation: Geographical botany, plant geography, and phytogeography all involve the study of the spatial distributions of plant life and of the environmental relationships which may influence these distributions.

Plant geography has emphasized the mapping of such regions and the interpretation of the terms of environmental (ecological) influences.

The areas of Phytogeography and zoogeography do not necessarily exist together in the same place, because there are barriers and factors that affect their growth and arrangements which are often different for plants and for animals.

The point on which a given area on the earth would balance, if the earth were a plate of uniform thickness.

A deep steep-walled half-bowl-like recess or hollow, variously described as horseshoe-shaped, crescent-shaped, or semi-circular in form, situated high on the side of a mountain and commonly at the head of a glacial valley and produced by the erosive activity of a mountain glacier.

It often contains a small round lake, and it may, or may not, be occupied by ice or snow.

1. The world-wide system of latitude and longitude used to define the location of any point on the earth's surface or to designate both geodetic coordinates and astronomical coordinates.
2. The quantities of latitude and longitude which define the position of a point on the surface of the earth with respect to the reference spheroid.

1. Theory was developed or formulated by the American geographer and geomorphologist, William Morris Davis (between 1884 and 1934), who modeled the formation of river-eroded landscapes.

This theory suggests that landscapes go through three stages of development (youth, maturity, and old age) and indicates that the rejuvenation of landscapes arises from tectonic uplift of the land.

In the "youthful stage", under the influence of tectonic uplifts, there appears a mountain relief, which is dissected through erosion (the washing out of rocks by rivers) into deep, narrow valleys and sharp-peaked ridges.

With the dissection by streams, the area would reach maturity and, ultimately, would be reduced to an old-age surface called a peneplain (gently undulating, almost featureless plain), with an elevation near sea level.

The model developed by Davis, though important in historical context, is currently considered only a first approximation.

Developments in the sciences of geology and geomorphology, especially the plate tectonics revolution of the 1960's and 1970's, have confirmed the preliminary nature of the model.