electro-, electr-, electri-

1. Photoelectron spectroscopy or the use of electron beams to induce transitions between electronic energy levels.

The study of the distribution of energy that is lost by scattered electrons when a substance is bombarded with monochromatic electrons.

2. A technique for studying atoms, solids, or molecules in which a substance is bombarded with monochromatic electrons, and the energies of scattered electrons are measured to determine the distribution of energy loss.

The movement of charged, or uncharged, species across an energy-transducing membrane that does not result in a net transfer of charge.

An allied health professional who, in collaboration with an electroencephalographer, obtains interpretable recordings of a patient's nervous system functions.

The electrodiagnostic technologist takes a patient's history; applies adequate recording electrodes and uses optimal EEG (electroencephalograph), EP (evoked potential or a test of nerve response that uses electrodes placed on the scalp to measure brain reaction to a stimulus such as a touch), and PSG (polysomnogram or the recording of the monitoring of relevant normal and abnormal physiological activity during sleep) techniques; and documents the clinical conditions of patients.

1. Diagnosis of disease states by recording the spontaneous electrical activity of tissues or organs or by the response to stimulation of electrically excitable tissue.
2. The recording and study of the electrical properties of skeletal muscles by means of surface or needle electrodes.

Useful in kinesiology and the study of neuromuscular function, extent of nerve lesion, and reflex response.

3. An electrodiagnostic test that assists in detecting and locating peripheral nerve injury or disease.

The study is usually done in conjunction with electromyography.

1. Destruction of nerve tissue by electricity with an electric needle.
2. A method of producing neurolysis (destruction or dissolution of nerve tissue) with an electric needle.

1. An electromyography in which the nerve of the muscle under study is stimulated by application of an electric current.
2. A method of measuring changes in a peripheral nerve by combining electromyography of a muscle with electrical stimulation of the nerve trunk carrying fibers to and from the muscle.
3. The recording of electrical activities of muscles induced by the electric stimulation of nerves.

1. Having no net electric charge; not electrified; uncharged.
2. A description of a substance that has no net electric charge; neither positive nor negative.

1. A status in which the total charge of all the positive ions of a substance almost exactly equals the total charge of all the negative ions.
2. A condition in which the total charge of all the positive ions of a substance almost exactly equals the total charge of all the negative ions.
3. A reference to the condition of a medium which is electroneutral.

In other words, an electrolytic solution in which the negatively and positively charged ions are distributed so that the solution as a whole is neutral.

1. The ratio of the average amount of current density at a given opening to the average current density at the cathode surface.
2. A ratio of the average current density at any specified opening through which the electron stream passes to the average current density at the cathode surface.

1. An electronic excitation, observed at low cryogenic temperatures in silicon and germanium, in which an electron-hole Fermi liquid is formed in an unstable condition.
2. A process by which a molecule is excited from a low-lying electronic state to a higher energy electronic state as observed in germanium and silicon at sufficiently low cryogenic temperatures.

It is associated with a liquid-gas phase transition of the charge carriers, and consists of regions of conducting electron-hole Fermi liquid coexisting with regions of insulating exciton gas.

A conduction electron in a conduction band and an accompanying electron hole in the valence band, that result when an electron jumps the gap in an intrinsic semiconductor.

A process in which a hole is combined again with an electron within a doped semiconductor (a process where impurities are added to a semiconductor), accompanied by a release of energy, normally in the form of radiation.

1. Relating to devices, systems, or circuits that employ components; such as, vacuum tubes, integrated circuits, or transistors in their design; an electronic sensor.
2. A reference to that branch of science and engineering which deal with the motion, emission, and behavior of currents of free electrons; especially, in vacuum, gas, or phototubes, and special conductors or semiconductors.

This is contrasted with electric, which refers to the flow of large currents in metal conductors.

3. A reference to devices, circuits, or systems using the principle of electron flow through a conductor; for example, electronic control, electronic equipment, electronic instrument, and electronic circuit.
4. Using, or accessed through a computer or computer network; for example, internet electronic banking.

The term electronic is used to refer to equipment, such as television sets, computers, etc., in which the current is controlled by transistors, valves, and similar components and also to the components themselves.

1. A method of adjusting the frequency of a device by changing the controlling voltage, rather than by manually adjusting the component.
2. The tuning of a transmitter, receiver, or other tuned equipment by changing a control voltage instead of by adjusting or switching the components by hand.

1. A typewriter in which the input is provided by an operator, but the output is produced by electronic components.
2. A typewriter that functions with the use of microprocessor technology to provide many of the functions of a word-processing system but which has at most a partial-line visual display.