grapho-, graph-, -graph, -graphy, -grapher, -graphia

The written descriptions of extinct members of the genus Homo sapiens by means of their fossil remains.

The written descriptions of the distribution of fossil plants and/or animals.

The study of the geographic features of the world in the past: Paleogeography is the physical, and occasionally cultural and political geography of ancient times, or of a particular past geological epoch.

An ancient manuscript.

An ancient manuscript or piece of writing: Scholars were trying to interpret the paleography that was discovered in the Roman ruins. © ALL rights are reserved.

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The description of fossil remains.

The description of fossil remains of extinct animals and plants; descriptive paleontology.

The arrangement and appearance of printed letters or ancient printing: The evolution of three paleontypographies or classical languages; including, Phoenician, Greek, and Roman.

The Phoenician alphabet was perhaps the first alphabetic script to be widely-used because the Phoenicians traded around the geographical area of the Mediterranean and beyond while they established cities and colonies in parts of southern Europe and North Africa.

The origins of most alphabetic writing systems can be traced back to the Phoenician alphabet, including Greek, Etruscan, Latin, Arabic and Hebrew; as well as the scripts of India and East Asia.

Significant Features

• Direction of writing is from the right to the left in horizontal lines: aleph to tow; as shown in the chart below.
• The writing system is abjad, a consonant alphabet with no indication of vowels.
• The number of letters is twenty-two; however, there were variations in their forms in different regions and at different times.
• The names of the letters are acrophonic, relating to the use of symbols to represent sounds, and their names and shapes can be traced back to Egyptian Hieroglyphs; for example, the name of the first letter, aleph, means ox which was developed from a picture of an ox's head.
• Some of the letter names were changed by the Phoenicians, including gimel, which meant camel in Phoenician, but was originally a picture of a throwing stick or a giml.
—Compiled from information located at Omniglot, the online encyclopedia
of writing systems and languages; plus other Google.com sources.

Here are the Phoenician symbols or letters.

Click on this Greek and Related Roman Alphabets page for more information.

The study of the distribution of fossil animal remains: Janet studied paleobiogeography and wanted to specialize in paleozoogeography, which dealt with the dispersion or of animals in past geologic times.

A continuous repetition of the same letters, words, or parts of words when writing: A paligraphia is observed particularly in some medical patients with bulbar palsy (paralysis of muscles of the soft palate, tongue, pharynx, and the larynx), Parkinson's disease (disease of the nerves causing tremors, muscular weakness and stiffness), and presenile (pre-old age) or senile (old age) dementia.

A pathologic or an abnormal medical condition that involves the repetition of letters, words, or parts of words in writing.

A reference to an instrument for copying plans, drawings, etc. at any size desired.

A writer on papyrus.