-ation, -ization (-iz[e] + -ation); -isation (British spelling variation)
(Greek > Latin: a suffix; action, act, process, state, or condition; or result of doing something)
Although there are over 1,450 word entries ending with -ation or -ization listed in this unit, there are certainly many more which exist in the English language. At any rate, this unit provides a significant number of -ation and -ization examples for you to see.
1. The act or process of maintaining something at the most favorable temperature for its development: The period of incubation for the eggs of various species of animals varies from a few days to several months.
2. The slow development of something; especially, through thought and planning: Fred's essays always need a process of incubation before he publishes them: thus, allowing for revisions, etc.
3. In medicine, the development of an infection from the time the pathogen enters the body until signs or symptoms first appear: Dr. Diedrich advised Mary that the time span of incubation for the vaccine was about two weeks.
4. The maintenance of an infant, especially a premature infant, in an environment of controlled temperature, humidity, and oxygen concentration in order to provide optimal conditions for growth and development: Sabina's cousin went to the hospital every day because her ill baby needed incubation in order to gain strength and get well.
2. The slow development of something; especially, through thought and planning: Fred's essays always need a process of incubation before he publishes them: thus, allowing for revisions, etc.
3. In medicine, the development of an infection from the time the pathogen enters the body until signs or symptoms first appear: Dr. Diedrich advised Mary that the time span of incubation for the vaccine was about two weeks.
4. The maintenance of an infant, especially a premature infant, in an environment of controlled temperature, humidity, and oxygen concentration in order to provide optimal conditions for growth and development: Sabina's cousin went to the hospital every day because her ill baby needed incubation in order to gain strength and get well.
inculpation
1. To incriminate.
2. Blame; censure; incrimination.
3. An accusation that someone is responsible for some lapse or misdeed.
2. Blame; censure; incrimination.
3. An accusation that someone is responsible for some lapse or misdeed.
indemnification
indentation
1. The action of pointing out, or making known: "The ringing of the bells at city hall was an indication that the parade had started in the city park."
2. A hint, a suggestion, or a piece of information from which more may be inferred: "Madeline's bemused smile was an indication that she was going to tell a funny joke or story."
3. In medicine, a suggestion or direction as to the treatment of a disease, derived from the symptoms observed: "Doctor Silas suggested that the swollen and tender joint in the patient's thumb was an indication of arthritis."
4. The degree of some physical state, as pressure, temperature, etc., shown by an instrument, as a barometer, anemometer, thermometer, etc.; the reading of a graduated instrument: "The minus 30c on the outdoor thermometer was a clear indication that it was freezing outside."
2. A hint, a suggestion, or a piece of information from which more may be inferred: "Madeline's bemused smile was an indication that she was going to tell a funny joke or story."
3. In medicine, a suggestion or direction as to the treatment of a disease, derived from the symptoms observed: "Doctor Silas suggested that the swollen and tender joint in the patient's thumb was an indication of arthritis."
4. The degree of some physical state, as pressure, temperature, etc., shown by an instrument, as a barometer, anemometer, thermometer, etc.; the reading of a graduated instrument: "The minus 30c on the outdoor thermometer was a clear indication that it was freezing outside."
indigenization
Transformation, or changing, to suite a local culture.
indigitation
1. The act of pointing out as with the finger; an indication.
2. Computing or conversing by the fingers.
3. Interlocking of the fingers of two hands; hence, the mode of junction of muscle and tendon.
2. Computing or conversing by the fingers.
3. Interlocking of the fingers of two hands; hence, the mode of junction of muscle and tendon.
The process of enforcing ideas and opinions on people who aren't allowed to question or to challenge them: "The new troops were going through a military indoctrination which was meant to have soldiers who would obey their commanding officers without hesitating."
induced innovation
The theory that the direction and magnitude of innovative activity is shaped by market forces; such as, prices or supply levels; for example, higher oil prices that lead appliance manufacturers to produce more energy-efficient refrigerators or air conditioners.
A process of making something firm or of becoming solid or like stone: There are different types of induration in the field of medicine; such as, multiple sclerosis, a process in which a soft organ or soft tissue in one's body becomes hard; or arteriolosclerosis, a hardening of the arteries.
infestation
infibulation
1. The act of buckling or fastening as if with buckles, particularly the practice of fastening the prepuce or labia minora together to prevent coitus.
2. The stitching together of the vulva, often after a clitoridectomy, leaving a small opening for the passage of urine and menstrual blood.
3. The act of clasping, or fastening, as with a buckle or padlock.
2. The stitching together of the vulva, often after a clitoridectomy, leaving a small opening for the passage of urine and menstrual blood.
3. The act of clasping, or fastening, as with a buckle or padlock.
inflammation
1. Arousal to violent emotion.
2. A localized protective reaction of tissue to irritation, injury, or infection, characterized by pain, redness, swelling, and sometimes loss of function.
3. Redness, swelling, pain, and/or a feeling of heat in an area of the body.
5. The act of setting on fire or of catching on fire.
2. A localized protective reaction of tissue to irritation, injury, or infection, characterized by pain, redness, swelling, and sometimes loss of function.
3. Redness, swelling, pain, and/or a feeling of heat in an area of the body.
This is a protective reaction to injury, disease, or irritation of the tissues.
4. The state of being emotionally aroused and worked up.5. The act of setting on fire or of catching on fire.
1. A persistent increase in the level of consumer prices or a persistent decline in the purchasing power of money; Inflation can be caused by an increase in available currency and credit beyond the proportion of available goods and services.
2. The act of blowing something up (the act of filling with air), or the condition of being expanded: The situation of inflation can be demonstrated by a balloon that has been blown up completely!
3. An attitude or a state of being puffed up with pride or a lack of elegance: A case of inflation can be a consequence of being pompous and swollen-headed with vanity, and not modest at all!
4. Etymology: from Latin inflationem, inflatio, a noun of action from inflare, "to blow into, to puff up", from in-, "into" + flare, "to blow".
2. The act of blowing something up (the act of filling with air), or the condition of being expanded: The situation of inflation can be demonstrated by a balloon that has been blown up completely!
3. An attitude or a state of being puffed up with pride or a lack of elegance: A case of inflation can be a consequence of being pompous and swollen-headed with vanity, and not modest at all!
4. Etymology: from Latin inflationem, inflatio, a noun of action from inflare, "to blow into, to puff up", from in-, "into" + flare, "to blow".
The monetary sense of "enlargement of prices" (originally by an increase in the amount of money in circulation) was first recorded 1838 in American English.
