poen-, peno-, poino-, poin-, puni-, pain-, penal-, pent-
(Greek > Latin: pain, punishment, penalty)
1. An action or a behavior that suggests sorrow or regret for a serious transgression: Andrew went to church every day as a penance for having taken a book from the bookstore without paying for it.
Shawn's penance for shoplifting in the grocery store was to write an essay on the social costs of shoplifting.
2. A sacramental rite involving contrition, confession of sins to a priest, the acceptance of penalties, and absolution: The pastor led the rite of penance for those in the congregation who attended.
Regret, remorse, or contrition for one's past behavior: Forgiveness of any unacceptable action by a person requires penitence.
penitent (adjective), more penitent, most penitent
1. A reference to the expression of a person's feeling or showing sorrow, remorse, and regret because of having done something wrong: Luke had a penitent attitude with his parents when he accidentally broke a window in the house as he was throwing a baseball back and forth with a friend.
2. Etymology: from Latin paenitentem, referring to "a cause or a feeling of regret."
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2. Etymology: from Latin paenitentem, referring to "a cause or a feeling of regret."
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penitential (adjective), more penitential, most penitential
Pertaining to atonement or reparation: Bob had real penitential feelings after he accidentally threw a ball into the neighbours living room window.
penitentiary (adjective) (not comparable)
1. Concerning the punishment of criminals: Sam was sentenced to prison and underwent many years of penitentiary labor.
2. Pertaining to penance; penitential: Susan was so sorry for being so rude to her father and wanted to make penitentiary amends for her bad behavior.
2. Pertaining to penance; penitential: Susan was so sorry for being so rude to her father and wanted to make penitentiary amends for her bad behavior.
1. A reformatory prison; a house of correction: A penitentiary is intended for the penal and reformatory treatment of criminals.
Trina was sentenced to forty years in a federal penitentiary for the crime that she committed.
2. 2. In the U.S., the place of punishment in which convicts sentenced to confinement and hard labor are confined by the authority of the law: There are a number of penitentiaries located in the United States including the United States Penitentiary in Pennsylvania, the United States Penitentiary in California, and the United States Penitentiary in Virginia.
penologically (adverb) (not comparable)
A reference to how the study, theory, and practice of prison management and criminal rehabilitation is presented: Since one of her relatives was in prison, Shelly became interested in the organization and administration of prisons and decided to work penologically in this area.
Someone who studies or is an expert in the theory and practice of prison management: Tom's uncle was a penologist who was involved in the treatment of crime and the organisation in prisons.
The study, theory, and practice of prison management and criminal rehabilitation: Penology is a penitentiary science which is concerned with the processes devised and adopted for the punishment, repression, and prevention of crime, and the treatment of prisoners.
pententially
pine (verb), pines; pined: pining
1. To grow thin or weak with longing, grief, etc: If Terry continues to mourn for his dead parents, he will pine away and die, too.
2. To have a great desire or longing for someone or something: It was sad to see Bill pine all these months for his college sweetheart.
3. Etymology: From Middle English pinen, which came from Old English pinian, "to torture, to torment, to afflict"; from pin, "pain", ultimately from Latin poena, "punishment".
2. To have a great desire or longing for someone or something: It was sad to see Bill pine all these months for his college sweetheart.
3. Etymology: From Middle English pinen, which came from Old English pinian, "to torture, to torment, to afflict"; from pin, "pain", ultimately from Latin poena, "punishment".
To pine or "to languish" is a derivative of an unrecorded Old English noun pine, "torture", originally borrowed into Germanic from pena, the post-classical descendant of Latin poena, "penalty" which is also the source of English pain.
Pine was one of the words introduced into Germanic with Christianity, and in English it was applied first to the "pains of hell". The noun has not been found in Old English; however, the verb pinian was common from an early period.
punish (verb), punishes; punished; punishing
1. To discipline or to chastise someone for a misconductr: Janet stole some money from her mother's purse, and when her mother discovered this, Janet was punished for this wrongdoing.
2. To force a person to undergo a penalty: Joe was punished by the judge for dumping his garbage on a park fence and had to do community service for six months!
3. To beat severely, to maul: Evidently the poor dog had been punished terribly and had to be operated on in the animal hospital.
2. To force a person to undergo a penalty: Joe was punished by the judge for dumping his garbage on a park fence and had to do community service for six months!
3. To beat severely, to maul: Evidently the poor dog had been punished terribly and had to be operated on in the animal hospital.
punishable (adjective), more punishable, most punishable
Subject to a penalty or possible fine: During the pandemic in the year 2021, it was punishable if a special mouth and nose mask was not worn on public transportation or while shopping.
punishably (adverb), more punishably, most punishably
Referring to how a disobedient or severe action merits discipline: The thief was found guilty and deserved punishably corrective measures for his corrupt behavior.
One who disciples, chastises, or penalises: A punisher can be described as a person who inflicts suffering, loss, or affliction on another person for a crime.
