scot-, scoto-, skot-, skoto- +

1. Scotoma caused by shadows of blood vessels in the retina of the eye.
2. The very fine, linear field defects produced by the retinal blood vessels.
3. A cecocentral scotoma caused by shadows of the retinal blood vessels.

1. A ribbon-shaped defect in the visual field caused by retinal vessels overlying the photoreceptors.
2. A blind spot or defect in the visual field produced by dilated retinal vessels that is especially prevalent in persons long exposed to high altitudes

1. Measurement of an angioscotoma.
2. The plotting or mapping of the scotoma caused by the shadow of retinal blood vessels; used particularly in the diagnosis of glaucoma.

Dimness, obscurity; dark, darkness.

An bacterium capable of growing in the dark.

A descriptive reference to the study of the biology of darkness, including research of the effects of darkness on the behavior and metabolism of animals, plants, and microbes; as well as, its influences on human beings.

1. The science of darkness and the positive responses of biological systems to the presence of darkness, and not merely the negative effects caused by the absence of light.
2. The study of light pollution at night as it directly impacts biological existence which is usually specifically affected by darkness.

Plants and animals are programmed to function in a certain pattern of daylight and darkness. Alter those patterns and unhealthy things often happen.

It applies equally to organisms that are active at night and those, including humans, whose bodies require regular periods with the lights out.

Some people believe that as with all types of pollution, light pollution contaminates the natural environment and produces side effects that should be mitigated or avoided, if possible, to create a balance between necessary urban light levels and a healthy environment.

1. A strain of mycobacteria that can form pigment with or without light.
2. Any microorganism that produces pigment when grown without light as well as with light.

1. A form of vertigo characterized by sudden dizziness, headache, and blurred vision.
2. Dizziness and headache associated with the appearance of black spots before the eyes.

The tracing of a scotoma (an area of lost or depressed vision within the visual field, surrounded by an area of less depressed or of normal vision).

1. An instrument for recording the size and the form of scotoma or scotomata.
2. An instrument for writing in the dark, or when unable to see.

1. Writing in the dark or without seeing.
2. An appliance for aiding one to write in straight lines in the dark or for aiding the blind to write, as used by the historian W.H. Prescott.

1. An area of lost or depressed vision within the visual field, surrounded by an area of less depressed or of normal vision.
2. Loss of vision in a part of the visual field; a blind spot.
3. A permanent or temporary area of diminished sight in the field of vision.

Causing the formation of a scotoma.

The recording a scotoma (a permanent or temporary area of diminished sight in the field of vision).