1. A place-name; a name given to a person or thing marking its place of origin; for example, pharos refers to a lighthouse and is based on Pharos, a peninsula in Northern Egypt, site of an ancient lighthouse built by Ptolemy, one of the "Seven Wonders of the World".

1. "champagne" from Champagne in France
2. "cashmere" from Kashmir in India

2. Long lists of personal names followed by those of the cities from which these persons came.
3. A descriptive place-name, usually derived from some topographical feature of the place.
4. The place-names of a country, or district, as a subject of study; for example, London, Mount Everest, and San Francisco, Death Valley, etc.
5. A scientific name for a part of the body.