1. The structure, development, and distribution of communities in relation to their environments: Henry has been specializing in synecology at the university because he is convinced that understanding plant and animal communities and their relationships with each other is essential for the proper survival of the ecological systems.
3. A study of the interrelationships among communities of organisms, populations, communities, and systems: The professor told his students that synecology includes the science of all living and relevant nonliving components of natural communities and their relationships with each other.