These, in turn, have an influence on openings and cavities that are interconnected. Typically, conditions in such cave systems are continuously under conditions relative to air humidity which prevails over long periods of time, temperature variations which are very low, and air movements that are minimal or absent.
In combination with the total darkness inside the cave, these factors have led to the generation of very special and fragile ecosystems.
It is a common assumption in cave climatology that air movements in caves are the results of the endogenic factors (pressure differences inside the cave that are caused by differences of air density, which in turn are the result of temperature differences, humidity, and carbon dioxide content) and exogenic factors (differences between air pressure inside the cave and the outer atmosphere).