The knowledge of materials and phenomena that exist at very miniaturized levels; especially, at dimensions of around one nanometer.

Nanoscience consists of technology that utilizes the ability to build devices which are extremely small.

In nanoscience, nanometers are used to measure the smallest things; usually, those that are the size of an atom or molecule, and are used when working with miniature computing devices; such as, integrated circuits (IC) and transistors in a processor.

Some microchips in nanoscience have transistors which are 100 nanometers wide and can accommodate more than one billion transistors within a single microchip.