1. In chemistry, having to do with or involving ions.
2. Occurring in the form of an ion or ions.

1. A process that takes place at a solid-liquid interface.

It is made up of ions of one charge type which are fixed to the surface of the solid and an equal number of mobile ions of the opposite charge which are distributed through the neighboring region of the liquid.

2. The area of a charge separation formed when an electrode meets an ionic conductor.

A metal electrode in a water solution forms a specific structure consisting of the metal surface itself, an adjoining layer of adsorbed (adhesion to the surfaces of solids) water molecules and ions, and an outer region of oppositely charged ions diffused in the liquid.

This causes an electric field of considerable intensity.

3. An interfacial region, near the boundary between two different phases of a substance, in which physical properties change significantly.
4. A structure that appears on the surface of a charged object when it is placed into a liquid.

This object might be a solid particle, a gas bubble, a liquid droplet, or a porous body.

1. A bond between atoms or groups that carry opposite charges; or, in some cases, partial charges.
2. A chemical bond in which one atom loses an electron to form a positive ion and the other atom gains an electron to form a negative ion,
3. A valence bond in which two atoms are kept together by electrostatic forces caused by transferring one or more electrons from one atom to another atom.

A valence is the combining power of atoms or groups measured by the number of electrons the atom or group will receive, give up, or share in forming a compound.

1. A trans-membrane protein structure that forms an aqueous pore that allows only certain ion species to pass through the membrane.
2. A trans-membrane pore that presents a hydrophilic (dissolve in or mix with water) channel for ions to cross a lipid bilayer (layer two molecules thick) down their electrochemical gradients.
3. Protein expressed by virtually all living cells that creates a pathway for charged ions from dissolved salts, including sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride ions, to pass through the otherwise impermeant lipid cell membrane.

Operation of cells in the nervous system, contraction of the heart and of skeletal muscle, and secretion in the pancreas are examples of physiological processes that require ion channels. In addition, ion channels in the membranes of intracellular organelles are important for regulating cytoplasmic calcium concentration and acidification of specific subcellular compartments

Ongoing basic research on ion channels seeks to understand the structural basis for permeability, ion selectivity, and gating at the molecular level.

Research efforts also attempt to answer questions about the cellular regulation of ion channel protein synthesis and about the subcellular distribution and ultimate degradation of channels.

In addition, compounds with greater specificity and potency for channels involved in pain sensation, cardiovascular disease, and other pathological conditions are potential sources for drug development.

1. A motion produced in reaction to the expulsion of a stream of accelerated ions.
2. Vehicular motion caused by reaction from the high-speed discharge of a beam of electrically charged minute particles, usually positive ions, that are accelerated in an electrostatic field and ejected behind the vehicle.
3. A propulsor (mechanical device that gives propulsion), usually a small thruster, used to create vehicular motion by generating a high-velocity jet of ions in an electrostatic field, then ejecting the ions behind a vehicle.
4. Propulsion by the reactive thrust of a high-speed beam of similarly charged ions ejected by an ion engine.

1. A type of chemical bond in which atoms of different elements join by transferring one or more electrons from one to the other to form an ionizing or polar compound.BR> 2. A chemical bond characteristic of salts and formed by the complete transfer of one or more electrons from one kind of atom to another atom.
3. A type of chemical bonding in which one or more electrons are transferred completely from one atom to another, and so converting the neutral atoms into electrically charged ions.

These ions are approximately spherical and attract one another because of their opposite charge.

The process by which an ionic bond occurs; which is a type of chemical bonding in which one or more electrons are transferred completely from one atom to another atom.

1. Membrane passages that allow certain ions to cross the membrane.
2. A transmembrane protein structure that forms an aqueous pore that allows only certain ion species to pass through the membrane.

1. The total charge carried by an ion, equivalent to the amount of charge associated with the electrons that are removed from a neutral atom or molecule in order to create the ion.
2. The charge of an electron; the charge of any ion is equal to this electron charge in magnitude, or is an integral multiple of it.

1. A measure of the ability of an individual ion in an electrolyte to carry a current, assuming that no interaction between ions is taking place.
2. The contribution of a given type of ion to the total equivalent conductance in the limit of infinite dilution.

The movement of charges within a semiconductor due to the displacement of ions within the crystal lattice.

An external source of energy is required to maintain this movement.

An intimate cytoplasmic contact between proximate cells that is mediated by gap junctions; such that electrical content injected into either cell changes the membrane potential of both.

1. A crystal held together by the electric forces between ions, as for a chemical compound that is a salt; such as, sodium chloride.
2. A crystal in which the lattice-site occupants are charged ions held together primarily by their electrostatic interaction.
3. A crystal formed of an array of positive and negative ions held together by electrostatic forces.

A phenomenon whereby ions in ionic compounds in an aqueous solution are freed from their mutual attractions and distribute themselves uniformly throughout the solvent.

1. A condition in which the number of existing molecules dissociating into ions equals the number of new molecules recombining from ions.
2. The condition in which the rate of dissociation of non-ionized molecules is equal to the rate of combination of the ions.

1. In physical chemistry, the contribution that each individual ion makes toward an electrolyte's overall ability to conduct current.
2. The contribution made by each ion species of a salt toward an electrolyte's equiviconductance.

A method of concentrating an electron beam by utilizing the residual gas in a tube: The beam electrons ionize the gas molecules, forming a core of positive ions along the path of the beam which attracts beam electrons and so makes the beam more compact resulting in ionic focusings and gas focusings.

1. A gel that contains ionic groups attached to the colloid structure, preventing the groups from diffusing out into a surrounding medium.
2. A gel with ionic groups attached to the structure of the gel.

The groups cannot diffuse out into the surrounding solution.

A lattice (regularly spaced arrangement of points) with symmetrically arranged ions and a good conducting power.

1. In chemical engineering, a semipermeable membrane that allows the electrophoretic passage (movement of electrically charged particles in a fluid under the influence of an electric field) of ions when an electric field is applied.
2. Semipermeable membrane that conducts electricity; the application of an electric field to the membrane achieves an electrophoretic movement of ions through the membrane; used in electrodialysis.

The ratio of the average drift velocity of an ion in a solution to the magnitude of the electric field causing the drift.

The creation of a net dipole moment in a material when an applied electrical field displaces the cations (positively charged ions) in one direction and anions (negatively charged ions) in the opposite direction.

1. A polymerization process carried out by means of electrically charged ions (either cations [positive ions] or anions [negative ions] that initiate a chain polymerization reaction.
2. Polymerization that proceeds via ionic intermediates (carbonium ions or carbanions) than through neutral species (olefins or acetylenes).

1. In physical chemistry, a measure used to determine the effective range of an ion in a compound, commonly based on the sum of the radii of a pair of oppositely charged ions in a crystal.
2. Radii which can be assigned to ions because the rapid variation of their repulsive interaction with distance makes them repel like hard spheres.

These radii determine the dimensions of ionic crystals.

The ratio by weight of a major constituent of sea water to the chloride ion content.

These ratios are essentially unvarying, giving rise to the principle of constant proportions.

1. A solid in which the electrical conductivity from the flow of ions predominates over that from the movement of electrons or holes.
2. A solid whose electrical conductivity is due primarily to the movement of ions rather than that of electrons and holes.
3. A semiconductor whose primary charge carriers are ions instead of electrons and holes.

1. The spectrum produced by a spark discharging through a gas or vapor.

With metal electrodes, a spectrum of the metallic vapor is obtained.

The sum of the concentrations of all ions in a solution multiplied by the square of their charge.

The concept that the amount of ionic activity in an electrolytic solution is based on the charge on the ions present rather than on their particular chemical natures.

A type of speaker in which a varying electrostatic field activates a mass of air ionized by a high-voltage radio-frequency field.

Ionic speakers are capable of extremely extended high-frequency response (up to 100 kHz or so) because of the extreme lightness of the ionic "diaphragm".

A hot cathode heated primarily by ionic bombardment of the emitting surface.

1. The introduction of ions of soluble salts into the skin by an electric current; usually, for therapeutic purposes.
2. The transference of ions into the body by an electromotive force for purposes of local or systemic medicinal effect.
3. The use of an electric current to introduce the ions of a medicament into bodily tissues.