1. Reproduction in which the development of the embryo occurs as a result of the penetration of an ovum by a sperm but does not involve the nuclear material of the latter.
2. Egg development activated by a spermatozoon, but to which the male gamete contributes no genetic material.
3. The process in which an egg develops parthenogenetically after the egg has been activated by sperm or pollen; pseudogamy.
4. The development whereby the embryo contains only the female parent’s chromosomes because the sperm that activated the ovum degenerated before it could combine with the egg nucleus.