1. The study of the natural features of the Earth's surface: Geography comprises topography, climate, soil, vegetation, etc. and man's responses to them.
2. The physical features of a region, area, or place: Geography usually refers to surface features like rivers and mountains.
3. The science that deals with the description of land, sea, and air and the distribution of plant and animal life, including humans: Mr. Smart gave his students the assignment of reading about the geography of their region in their textbooks.
4. The scientific study of the Earth, including its composition, structure, physical properties, and history: Since Jack was very interested in geography, he decided to study it and learn all about the historical aspects and formation of the Earth.

Geology is commonly divided into subdisciplines concerned with the chemical makeup of the Earth, including:

• The study of minerals (mineralogy) and rocks (petrology).
• The structure of the Earth (structural geology) and volcanic phenomena (volcanology).
• Landforms and the processes that produce them (geomorphology and glaciology).
• The geologic history, including the study of fossils (paleontology).
• The development of sedimentary strata (stratigraphy).
• The evolution of planetary bodies and their satellites (astrogeology).
• Economic geology and its various branches; such as, mining geology and petroleum geology.
• Also, some major fields closely allied to geology are geodesy, geophysics, and geochemistry.

A branch of economics that deals with various production activities; such as, the influences that physical locations might have on factories.

In physical geography, the science dealing with the geographical distribution of various soil types: In his book about soil geography he was reading for class, Thomas found out that there were many different kinds of soils located in various parts of the world, or even in his own country.