This is contrasted with electric, which refers to the flow of large currents in metal conductors.

The term electronic is used to refer to equipment, such as television sets, computers, etc., in which the current is controlled by transistors, valves, and similar components and also to the components themselves.

The year was 1831 and the man was a 39-year-old British scientist, Michael Faraday (1791-1867).

A hat trick refers to three consecutive successes in a game or another endeavor; for example, taking three wickets with three successive deliveries by a bowler in a game of cricket, three goals or points won by a player in a game of soccer, ice hockey, etc.; therefore, sometimes, a threefold feat or success in some other activity including this example of three-electrical achievements all of which were accomplished in one year.

The electron stream passing between electrodes in one circuit transfers energy to electrodes in the other circuit.

The most common type is an aneroid barometer calibrated to show the drop in atmospheric pressure in terms of linear elevation as an airplane, balloon, or mountain climber rises.

It shows height above sea level, but not above such land features as hills, mountains, and valleys.

The radio altimeter, or terrain-clearance indicator, is an absolute altimeter which indicates the actual altitude over water or over terrain, regardless of how uneven it is.

It functions by first sending either continuous or pulse radio signals from a transmitter in an aircraft to the earth's surface.

When someone passes a gate, or door, of a place holding an item with an electronic article surveillance that hasn't been turned off, an alarm sounds.

The term omnirange refers to a radio aid to navigation which provides a direct indication of the magnetic bearing (omnibearing) of that station from any direction.

Each band is corresponding to vibrational energies in the initial and final conditions and each band consists of numerous rotational lines.

It can also be a cutting tool.

A cathode-ray tube, or CRT, produces images when its phosphorescent surface is struck by electron beams.

The breath meter automatically measures the amount of alcohol which is present in one's body as the display signals whether the blood alcohol level is at or near the legal limit for driving.

Most basic models provide all four arithmetic operations (+, -, x, ÷), usually with a floating decimal.

A carillon is a musical instrument which is usually housed in a free-standing bell tower, or the belfry of a church, or other municipal building.

The computers are also equipped to keep records of sales and inventories.

The resulting sounds are picked up, amplified, and reproduced by loudspeakers.

An example is the radial-beam tube, in which a rotating magnetic field causes an electron beam to sweep over one anode after another anode and produces the desired switching actions.

The two basic types of computers are analog and digital.

Although generally not regarded as such, the most prevalent computer is the simple mechanical analog computer, in which gears, levers, ratchets, and pawls perform mathematical operations; for example, the speedometer and the watt-hour meter (used to measure accumulated electrical usage).

The general public has become much more aware of the digital computer with the rapid proliferation of the hand-held calculator and a large variety of intelligent devices and especially with exposure to the Internet and the World Wide Web.

It can measure the area within a closed curve or control a cutting torch for duplicating an irregular design.

It is possible even when the computers use different operating systems and it is the key factor in achieving automated medical records that can be shared electronically among providers.

It usually refers to data which is performed and processed on digital computers.

The process is designed to determine the effectiveness of both radar and aircraft.

The patient controls the current through a hand-held box. The current creates no discomfort and, unlike local anesthesia, the patient does not have to wait for the numbness to go away once the dental work is completed.

This is done automatically with an internally stored program of machine instructions.

Such instruments are distinguished from calculators on which the sequence of instructions is externally stored and is impressed manually (desk calculators) or from tape or cards (card-programmed calculators).

The length of expired time between a transmission and a reception is measured, converted to kilometers or miles, and presented to a pilot of an aircraft.

It may be an attachment to an airborne radar and it is an integral part of a Doppler navigator which refers to the change in electromagnetic frequency that occurs when the source of the radiation and its observer move toward or away from each other.

The faster they come together, the higher the frequency or the faster they move away from each other, the lower the frequency.

A patient's temperature can be taken while he or she is asleep and the patient will rarely be aware of the procedure because, among other technologies, it provides an active-user feedback light, and guiding proper probe positioning.

One electronic ear thermometer manufacturer claims that this device offers professional accuracy with proven speed, accuracy and ease of use, and it measures temperature in the ear in just one second, and then beeps when it is ready to be read.

A memory function displays the last eight temperatures taken and it also features an easy-to-read LCD-display which indicates the temperature in either Celsius or Fahrenheit, an auto shut-off after two minutes, and a lens filter ejector.

The amplified scanning current controls an engraving tool which removes metal in proportion to the white and dark areas of the original plate.

It may be applied externally or internally.

With an external monitor, the fetal heart is detected by an ultrasound transducer positioned on the abdomen.

Internal monitoring of the fetal heart rate is accomplished with an electrode clipped to the fetal scalp.

With an external monitor, the fetal heart is detected by an ultrasound transducer positioned on the abdomen.

Internal monitoring of the fetal heart rate is accomplished by way of an electrode clipped to the fetal scalp.

The gas flashes brilliantly when a capacitor is discharged through the tube.

The ability of strobe lights, or electronic flashes, to "freeze" the motion of rapidly moving objects by making them visible for only a fraction of a second makes them very useful in photography and in measuring vibration and other types of high-speed motion.

A single bond is equivalent to one pair of electrons shared by two atoms.

Fuel is delivered in intermittent pulses by the opening and closing of solenoid-controlled injectors.

A customer inserts a magnetically encoded plastic card into the terminal, and then presses the appropriate keys to make deposits or withdrawals, transfer money to pay bills, and even to borrow money.

Such financial exchanges are dependent wholly or in a large part on the use of electronics.

A fuse that detonates a warhead when the target is within some specified region near the fuse.

Radio, radar, photoelectric, or other devices may be used as activating elements.

Some of its functions include the formulation of technical standards, dissemination of marketing data, standardization of sizes, and the maintenance of contact with government agencies in matters relating to the electronics industry.

The association was originally known as the Radio Manufacturers Association, RMA (1924-1950), Radio-Television Manufacturers Association, RTMA (1950-1953), and later as the Radio-Electronics-Television Manufacturers Association or RETMA (1953-1957).

The device may have an alarm in case the flow is restricted because of an occlusion of the line which will result in an alarm that will go off when a preset pressure limit is determined.

Most electronic infusion devices are equipped to stop the flow of the infused liquid if an accidental free-flow occurs.

The device may have programmable settings that control the amount of fluid to be infused, rate, low-volume notification level, and a keep-vein-open rate.

Some electronic infusion devices have titration modes that allow a change in the delivery rate without interrupting fluid flow. They also allow delivery in milliliters per hour.

The term titration is the process, operation, or method of determining the concentration of a substance in a solution to which the addition of a reagent having a known concentration is made in carefully measured amounts until a reaction of definite and known proportion is completed, as shown by a color change or by electrical measurement, and then calculating the unknown concentration.

This kind of ink will be used for applications; such as, e-books, electronic newspapers, portable signs, and foldable, rollable displays.

Electronic ink contains millions of tiny capsules filled with dark dyes and negatively charged white chips, that are floating in a substance like vegetable oil.

With a printer-like device, the electronic ink-coated material is exposed to electrical impulses which act on the white chips to make them display as light or dark-colored.

A pattern of charges when applied will make it possible for a display of images and text and such information to be displayed can be downloaded through a connection to a computer, a cell phone, or it can be created with mechanical tools; such as, something called an electronic "pencil".

Electric interference refers specifically to an interference that is caused by the operation of an electric apparatus which is not designed to radiate electromagnetic energy.

Keying is the forming of signals; such as, for telegraph transmission, by modulating a direct-current or other carrier between discrete values of some characteristic.

Keying is also defined as the shaping of a signal to convey information, known as modulation or the process of conveying a message signal, for example a digital bit stream or an analog audio signal, inside another signal which can be physically transmitted with an alternating-current source; for example, by interrupting it or by suddenly changing its amplitude, frequency, or some other characteristic.

A pulse generator feeds the entire spectrum of voice frequencies into the throat through either a tube inserted into the mouth or with a small loudspeaker held against the throat.

The resulting sound waves in the throat are formed into words essentially by the normal movements of the jaws, the lips, and the tongue.

In one version, developed for hotels and motels, the lock code can be changed electronically from a central console, or a physical control panel on a computer or electronic device, as soon as a guest checks out, with a simultaneous preparation of new coded keys.

Usually, but not necessarily, the unlocking signal is a binary sequence.

This is opposed to a nuclear magnetic moment.

The messages may be transmitted with a modem through telephone lines or, in some cases, by shortwave radio and it can be in many forms, including mailgrams, twx, and facsimile transmission devices.

Microradiography is a technique for the study of surfaces of solids by monochromatic-radiation (such as X-ray) contrast effects shown by means of projection or enlargement of a contact radiograph.

Such mechanisms should relieve hospital staff of time-consuming "human monitoring" procedures and in some cases they will enable patients to carry monitoring devices during their daily living activities.

Such instruments would make regular assessments of blood-sugar concentration in patients with diabetes mellitus (metabolic disorder affecting blood sugar levels) or process the routine checking of the blood or tissue concentrations of administered drugs.

Silicon controlled rectifiers or power transistors rectify or correct the voltage and vary the field current of the motor.

When a digital display replaces the moving-coil meter, it is called a "digital multimeter".

The massive ENIAC, which weighed 30 tons and filled an entire room, used some 18,000 vacuum tubes, 70,000 resistors, and 10,000 capacitors.

In December, 1945, it solved its first problem regarding the calculations for the hydrogen bomb. After its official unveiling in 1946, it was used to prepare artillery-shell trajectory tables and perform other military and scientific calculations.

Electronic pacemakers can receive power from implanted batteries, radio frequency signals, biological energy sources, etc.

In current usage, it refers to inserting discrete components, integrated circuits, and MSI and LSI chips (usually attached to a lead frame by beam leads) into plates through holes on multilayer circuit boards (also called cards), where they are soldered in place.

Electronic packages provide four major functions:

• Interconnection of electrical signals.
• Mechanical protection of circuits.
• Distribution of electrical energy (that is, power) for circuit function.
• Dissipation of heat generated by circuit function.

Examples of electronic parts are filters, capacitors, connectors, resistors, switches, relays, transformers, crystals, electron tubes, and semiconductor mechanisms.

The limiters mentioned in the above definitions refer to electronic circuits that are used to prevent the amplitudes of electronic waveforms from exceeding specified levels while preserving the shapes of the waveforms at amplitudes less than the specified levels.

Also known as amplitude limiters; amplitude-limiting circuits; automatic peak limiters; clippers; clipping circuits; limiter circuits; and peak limiters.

A computer power supply converts alternating current into multiple direct current voltages; for example, twelve volts is commonly used for drives, while 3.3 volts and 5 volts are used by the chips and other motherboard components.

The EPC has digits to identify the manufacturer, product category and the individual item.

Such products may be used as tools and controls in communications, detection, amplification, computation, inspection, testing, measurement, operation, recording, analysis, and other functions employing electronic principles.

The diamond-point stylus of a permanent-magnet dynamic pickup is moved over the surface being checked out, and the resulting varying voltage is amplified, corrected, and measured with a meter calibrated to read directly in micro-inches of deviations or differences from the smoothness desired.

A maser is a device for the creation, amplification, and transmission of an intense, highly focused beam of high-frequency radio waves.

The name maser is an acronym for "microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation", microwaves being radio waves of short wavelength, or high frequency.

It includes both radar reconnaissance and electronic-countermeasure reconnaissance.

A solid-state relay (an on/off control device) which uses no moving parts is one example of an electronic relay.

Such dynamic behavior can be simulated by altering circuit gains and reference voltages.

By adjusting circuit gains and reference voltages, dynamic behavior can be generated which corresponds to the desired response, or is recognizable in the real system.

Such a circuit allows a wider range of exposure times, can be more accurate, and, when it is put in a circuit with a photoconductive cell, it permits automatic settings of shutter speeds.

The term sky screen refers to equipment that provides a posiive indication to the military range-safety officer whenever a missile deviates from its planned trajectory or its movement through space.

One sky screen monitors the flight bearing and the other sky screen monitors vertical programming.

Changes from the desired speed cause corrective signals to speed up or to slow down the motor.

The Schrödinger wave function is a function of the coordinates of the particles of a system and of time which is a solution of the Schrödinger equation and which determines the average result of every conceivable experiment on the system.

Its selective controls permit a tuning for low heart tones or high pulmonary tones. It has an auxiliary output for recording or viewing audio patterns.

A surge arrester is a protective device designed primarily for the connection between a conductor of an electrical system and ground to limit the magnitude of transient overvoltages on equipment. A lightning arrester is really a voltage-surge arrester.

Corporations use electronic surveillance to maintain the security of their buildings and grounds.

Electronic surveillance permeates almost every aspect of life in the United States; for example, in the public sector, the president, Congress, judiciary, military, and law enforcement all use some form of this technology.

In the private sector, business competitors, convenience stores, shopping centers, apartment buildings, parking facilities, hospitals, banks, employers, and even spouses have utilized various methods of electronic surveillances.

Applications include switching a cathode-ray oscilloscope back and forth between two inputs at such high speeds that both input waveforms appear simultaneously on the screen.

Electronic switching systems permit custom-calling services; such as, speed dialing, call transfer, and three-way calling.

The coordinates at selected points are automatically recorded.

When it is put into position, a tiny movable plate is pressed against the eye, flattening a circular section of the cornea; a current is then sent through a small electromagnet, of such value that it will just pull the plate away from the eye.

The value of the current is proportional to eye pressure and a measurement can be made in about one second.

It is usually used in the diagnosis of glaucoma.

It was used in early electronic circuitry to control a flow of electrons.

It is used to generate, to amplify, and to rectify electric oscillations and alternating currents.

A klystron is a term referring to an electron tube used to generate or to amplify electromagnetic radiation in the microwave region by velocity modulation.

Such a viewfinder allows the image being photographed to be viewed simultaneously by several people because the TV image may be transmitted to several receivers.

It is called a "vacuum-tube voltmeter" when its electron devices are vacuum tubes.

An electronic warfare support that provides information which is required for immediate decisions or actions involving electronic counter measures, electronic counter-countermeasures, avoidance, targeting, homing, warfare operations, and other tactical military employment of forces.

Electronic warfare consists of three divisions: electronic attack, electronic protection, and electronic warfare support.

Electronic warfare includes electronic countermeasures and counter-countermeasures.

One voltage is that which appears across the load, and the other is obtained across a resistor in the series with the line.

The term Fermi energy is named after Enrico Fermi (1901-1954), an Italian nuclear physicist and refers to the level in the distribution of electron energies in a solid at which a quantum state is equally likely to be occupied or empty.