2. A mass of protoplasm containing a nucleus or nuclear material; the structural unit of all animals and plants.
Cells and their products make up all the tissues of the body. Cells carry out all the body's functional activities, and their structures and forms are closely correlated with their functions.
Cells arise only from pre-existing cells; new cells arise by cell division. Growth and development result from the increase in numbers of cells and their differentiation into different types of tissues.
Specialized germ cells, the spermatozoa and ova, contain in their nuclei the genes for hereditary characteristics.
2. Small, hollow places: Honeycombs are made up of connecting cells joined to each other.
3. A unit of living matter: With the fine new microscope, the scientist could study the cell matter of the plant.
4. The container which holds the material to produce electricity: The mechanic had to add water to each battery cell so the car would start again.
2. To make things available to be purchased: This is one of the few stores that sells the type of materials Carol needed to repair sections of her work room.
3. To persuade someone to accept or to approve of something or someone: James told his brother that he would have to sell himself at the interview if he wanted to get the job that he was applying for.
The young guy was caught trying to sell stolen property for which he was sentenced to spend time in a small cell at the local jail.
While Ivan was there studying at the tech school, he invented a new solar cell for producing electricity which he now sells over the internet.
A nevus is a birthmark, mole, or any other kind of growth or mark on the skin that a person is born with.
2. Any of the basophilic chromophil cells located in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
2. A single unit of a device that converts radiant energy into electric energy, such as a nuclear, solar, or photovoltaic cell.
3. A device; such as, a battery, that is capable of changing some form of energy including chemical energy or radiant energy, into electricity.
4. A container holding materials that produce electricity by chemical action.
A battery consists of one or more electric cells.
Relating to or containing matter in the form of charged atoms or groups of atoms.
2. A device containing two conducting electrodes, one positive and the other negative, made of dissimilar materials (usually metals) that are immersed in a chemical solution (electrolyte) that transmits positive ions from the negative to the positive electrode and so forms an electrical charge.One or more cells result in a battery.
2. A cell consisting of electrodes immersed in an electrolyte solution, for carrying out electrolysis.
3. The electrolyte, its container, and the electrodes used in electrolysis.
4. A cell containing an electrolyte through which an externally generated electric current is passed by a system of electrodes in order to produce an electrochemical reaction which produces an electromotive force.
It can be used to store electric energy for use on demand, as in a storage cell; to generate electric energy, as in a dry cell; or to produce a desired electrochemical reaction when electric energy is applied.
Fuel cells differ from conventional electrical cells in that the active materials; such as, hydrogen and oxygen, are not contained within the cell, but are supplied from outside.
Here is a related article about Fuel Cells: The Future Source of Fuel Operations?
2. A hybrid fuel cell vehicle also derives drive motor power from a supplemental battery or ultracapacitor.
Unlike neurons, glial cells do not conduct electrical impulses. The glial cells surround neurons and provide support for and insulation between them.
Glial cells are the most abundant cell types in the central nervous system. Types of glial cells include oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, ependymal cells, Schwann cells, microglia, and satellite cells.
Operation is at atmospheric pressure and room temperature.
2. A nerve cell body having little or no Nissl substance (granular endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes) visible but a nucleus that stains intensely.
2. An instrument which converts light into electrical energy or uses it to regulate a flow of current, often incorporated into automatic control systems for doors and lighting.
3. An electronic device having an electrical output that varies in response to incident radiation; especially, to visible light.
4. A small cathode-ray tube having a fluorescent pattern whose size varies with the voltage applied to the grid.
It is used in radio receivers to indicate accuracy of tuning and as a modulation indicator in some tape recorders.
5. An electric eye can operate a mechanism so as to open a door when its invisible beam is interrupted by the approach of a person and includes a photoelectric cell which is used as an automatic controlling appliance.It is also used in motion pictures, television, and many other industries.
2. A cell consisting of two dissimilar metal electrodes in a solution that acts chemically on one or both of them to produce a voltage: Jack, the auto mechanic, stated that the battery or primary cell in the car was dead and could not be recharged; so, it would need to be replaced.
2. A chronic hereditary form of anemia that occurs mainly in people of African descent.
It is caused by a gene inherited from both parents.
This property of materials is known as the photoelectric effect, first described in 1905 by albert Einstein in his Nobel prize-winning research.
Here on earth, silicon solar cells have brought abundant clean water, electricity, and telephone services to many in remote regions who had hitherto done without.
The thermal radiation emitted by the absorber is used as the energy source for a photovoltaic cell that is designed to maximize conversion efficiency at the wavelength of the thermal radiation.
A battery usually consists of several cells electrically connected together to produce higher voltages. Sometimes the terms cell and battery are used interchangeably.
It consists of one or more positive electrodes or plates, an electrolyte that permits ionic conduction, one or more negative electrodes or plates, separators between plates of opposite polarity, and a container for all the above.
The barrier inhibits the movement of electrons from one layer to the other, so that higher-energy electrons from one side diffuse preferentially through it in one direction, creating a current and thus a voltage across the cell; also called depletion zone or space charge.
The junction lies at the center of the cell barrier or depletion zone.
A primary battery that cannot be recharged.
One or more cells constitute a battery.
A fuel cell is similar to a large battery, but where a battery gradually runs down, a fuel cell runs continuously for as long as there is fuel in the tank.
Hydrogen is pumped into the cell from an on board tank, while the oxygen is taken from the air outside. Together they form steam, which is emitted through the car's exhaust.
Some car makers are putting a lot of time and effort into developing hybrid cars where the electric motors are powered by fuel cells.
Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, but it is highly flammable; that is, it bursts into flames easily and as the lightest gas, it just floats away. Even so, it can be extracted from water, fossil fuels, and other substances.
The problem is to compress, or squeeze, hydrogen into a tank small enough to fit in a car. The tank can be topped off with hydrogen at refueling stations, but there are very few of such places available at this time.
The advantages and disadvantages of fuel-cell cars
- Fuel cells are reliable and make little noise since they have no moving parts.
- Water is the only thing emitted through the exhaust.
- Increasing the amount of electricity produced so the car has more power.
- Compressing and safely storing enough hydrogen into a small tank for hundreds of miles of driving.
- Making affordable cars which are now very expensive in that a fuel-cell system costs ten times more to make than a conventional engine.
In theory, electric-fuel-cell cars could be the answer for clean cars of the future:
There are a number of challenges still to be overcome:
NOCT is used to estimate the nominal operating temperature of a module in its working environment.
Sunlight entering the top passes through successive cell barriers, each of which converts a separate portion of the spectrum into electricity, thus achieving greater total conversion efficiency of the incident light.