The deliberate use by humans of one species of organism to eliminate or to control another one, as in the control of undesirable plants or insects by the use of natural parasites, diseases, or predators, rather than by herbicides and pesticides.

A well known example of the use of natural predators, rather than industrial pesticides, may be seen in the case of beetles ("lady bugs") especially selected to control aphids that infest wheat and other grain crops.