pugn-, pug-, pugil- +

1. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (any degenerative disease of the brain).

A syndrome due to cumulative head blows absorbed in the boxing ring, characterized by general slowing of mental function, occasional bouts of confusion, and scattered memory loss. It may progress to the more serious boxer's dementia.

2. Dementia resulting from cumulative damage sustained over some years in boxing, resulting in slowed thinking, memory loss, dysarthria (speech that is characteristically slurred, slow, and difficult to produce; and so, difficult to understand), and other movement disorders.
3. A condition seen in boxers (and alcoholics), caused by repeated cerebral concussions and characterized by weakness in the lower limbs, unsteadiness of gait, slowness of muscular movements, hand tremors, hesitancy of speech, and mental dullness.

Dementia pugilistica, also called chronic traumatic encephalopathy, pugilistic Parkinson's syndrome, boxer's dementia, and punch-drunk syndrome, is a neurological disorder which affects some career boxers and others who receive multiple blows to the head.

The condition develops over a period of years, with the average time of onset being about sixteen years after the start of a career in boxing.

1. To take by assault; to storm; to overcome; to vanquish; as, to expugn cities of criminals.
2. To conquer; to take by assault.

1. To suggest that something cannot be trusted, relied on, or respected.
2. To attack as false, questionable, or wrong.

Subject to being discredited.

1. Someone who opposes or contradicts.
2. Someone who assails or attacks by words or with arguments.

1. The act of challenging something, or someone, as being false; such as, another's statements, motives, etc.
2. The process of casting doubts about.

No place is so strongly fortified that money could not capture it.

Another way of saying, "Money can buy anything or anyone." In addition, it could mean, "With enough money, one can have everything he/she wants; except good health and eternal life."

From Marcus Tullius Cicero (106 - 43 B.C.). Cicero's voluminous writings include poetry (both his own and translations from the Greek); orations (fifty-eight have survived, forty-eight are lost); treatises on rhetoric, philosophy, morals, and politics; as well as letters. His treatises are important historically because they contain much information on ancient thought. His letters are the chief source for our knowledge of the period.

After Caesar's murder, he violently attacked Mark Antony in his celebrated Philippics. When the second triumvirate was formed, he was put on the list of the proscribed and was murdered by Antony's agents.

1. To question the validity or truthfulness of something.
2. To oppose, to contradict, or to call into question.
3. To assail by criticism, argument, or action.

Opposition; resistance.

1. Tending to awaken hostility; hostile; opposing; warring; combative.
2. Active in opposing, being antagonistic, and contrary.

1. Someone who opposes or attacks.
2. Anything which opposes.
3. Someone who calls anyone or anything into question.

1. As much as is taken up between the thumb and two first fingers.
2. Etymology: from Latin pugillus, pugillum, "a handful"; akin to pugnus, "fist".

Boxing, fighting.

The skill, practice, and sport of fighting with the fists; boxing.

1. Someone who practices the art of boxing.
2. A boxer, a fighter; figuratively, a vigorous controversialist (a person who likes to disagree with other people and say things that make people angry or think about a subject).