proto-, prot- +

Any of the protein constituents of lipoproteins; grouped by function in four classes.

A protein that precipitates from a solution when it is cooled and then redissolves when it is re-warmed.

An antigen present in the human fetus and in certain pathological conditions in adults.

The amniotic fluid level can be used to evaluate fetal development. Elevated serum levels are found in adults with certain kinds of liver diseases.

1. Any of a group of complex proteins; such as, mucin, containing a carbohydrate combined with a simple protein.
2. Protein with linear or branched oligosaccharides (simple sugars) covalently bonded to it.

Examples include nearly all surface proteins of animal cells and many proteins circulating in blood.

1. Any of various disorders of lipoprotein metabolism, usually characterized by abnormally high levels of cholesterol and certain lipoproteins in the blood.
2. An excess of lipoproteins (any of the lipid-protein, or fat-protein, complexes in which lipids or fats exist) in the blood, due to a disorder of lipoprotein metabolism.

It may be acquired or hereditary. Acquired forms accompany other disorders or may be caused by environmental factors such as diet.

There are a number of different hereditary forms, classified according to clinical features, enzymatic abnormalities, and serum lipoprotein patterns.

Decreased levels of a lipoprotein in the serum.

1. Any of the lipid-protein complexes in which lipids are transported in the blood.
2. A molecule that is a combination of lipid and protein.

Lipids don't travel in the blood by themselves; however, they are carried through the bloodstream as lipoproteins.

1. A complex protein found in mucous secretions.
2. Any of a group of organic compounds; such as, the mucins, that consist of a complex of proteins and glycosaminoglycans and are found in body tissues and fluids.

A large molecule composed of one or more chains of amino acids in a specific order determined by the base sequence of nucleotides in the DNA coding for the protein.

Proteins are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's cells, tissues, and organs. Each protein has unique functions. Proteins are essential components of muscles, skin, bones and the body as a whole.

Examples of proteins include whole classes of important molecules, among them enzymes, hormones, and antibodies.

Protein is one of the three types of nutrients used as energy sources by the body, the other two being carbohydrate and fat. Proteins and carbohydrates each provide four calories of energy per gram, while fats produce nine calories per gram.

The word "protein" was introduced into science by the great Swedish physician and chemist, Jöns Jacob Berzelius (1779-1848), who also determined the atomic and molecular weights of thousands of substances, discovered several elements including selenium, first isolated silicon and titanium, and created the present system of writing chemical symbols and reactions.

Etymology: from French protéine, from Greek proteios, "the first quality"; from protos, "first". Originally a theoretical substance thought to be essential to life, the modern use is from German Protein, borrowed in English about 1907.

In the digestive process, hydrolyzation of proteins to their constituent amino acids in the walls of the intestines.

They are transported via the portal vein to the liver and then into the general circulation and to the tissues.

Each tissue synthesizes its own form of protein from the amino acids received from the blood.

An intense dislike of or aversion to protein foods; such as, eggs and dairy products; common red meat; vegetables, grains, etc.

The presence of excessive amounts of protein in the urine which is usually a symptom of a kidney disorder.

1. Glycoproteins (complex proteins containing carbohydrates) which have a very high polysaccharide content; such as, starch and cellulose.

They are found primarily in connective tissue and cartilage.

2. Any of a group of glycoproteins in connective-body tissue, made of carbohydrates and protein.

They serve as binding or cementing materials for body tissues.

1. The comprehensive analysis of the identity, interactions and locations of proteins within a cell.
2. The analysis of the expression, localization, functions, and interactions of the proteins produced by the genes of an organism.
3. The qualitative and quantitative study of the proteome (complete set of proteins produced from the information encoded in a genome) under various conditions, including protein expression, modification, localization, and function; and protein–protein interactions, as a means of understanding biological processes.

Proteomics is the study of the way proteins work inside cells, and how they interact with each other. Most importantly, it aims to work out the differences in protein action between diseased cells and healthy ones.

One aim is to find chemical markers to determine what’s going wrong when disease strikes and to diagnose disorders; another is to find methods of gene therapy that will cure the problems at the level of the DNA in human genes.

The term proteomics was coined in 1994 by Marc Wilkins, Professor in the School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences at the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; who defined it as "the study of proteins, how they're modified, when and where they're expressed, how they're involved in metabolic pathways and how they interact with one another."

The first announcement of a Savior, as made in the Garden of Eden immediately after the Fall.

More fully, "Protevangelium of James". The apocryphal History of James Concerning the Birth of Mary.