1. An instrument that measures voltage according to the degree of attraction or repulsion between charged bodies.
2. A voltmeter which works by measuring the force exerted between stationary electric charges which is usually graduated in volts or kilovolts.
3. A voltmeter in which the voltage to be measured is applied between fixed and movable metal vanes.

The resulting electrostatic force deflects or turns the movable vane against the tension of a spring.