You searched for: “system
system
This entry is located in the following unit: syn-, sy-, sym-, syl-, sys- (page 10)
More possibly related word entries
A unit related to: “system
(Greek: spleen, "the inward parts;" the elongated accessory lymphatic organ of the vascular [blood] system)
(Latin: prefix; indicating electromagnetic units of the centimeter-gram-second system)
(Danish or Norwegian: eighteen; a decimal prefix used in the international metric system for measurements)
(Latin: hundred; a decimal prefix used in the international metric system for measurements)
(Greek: ten; a decimal prefix used in the international metric system for measurements)
(Latin: ten; also, a decimal prefix used in the international metric system for measurements)
(Latin: striving to equal; rivaling or competing with; imitate, imitating; trying to do something as well as or better than another system, person, or other people)
(Greek: from hexa-, "six"; a decimal prefix used in the international metric system for measurements)
(Danish and Norwegian: fifteen; a decimal prefix used in the international metric system for measurements)
(European Union launches first test satellite)
(a technology that manages, analyzes, and provides geographic information)
(a technology that manages, analyzes, and provides geographic information)
(GIS or Geographic Information System topics to enhance your knowledge)
(Greek: "giant"; a decimal prefix used in the international metric system for measurements)
(GPS, Civilian and Military Users)
(GPS Defined and Indications of Improvements in Accuracy)
(satellite tracking pygmy elephants in order to learn more about these little pachyderms)
(lists of articles that have content about GPS)
(GPS expected to advance into consumer mainstream)
(Segway, a modern invention, offers GPS with their transporter)
(Greek: write, writing, something written, a written record, a recording; letters; words; later, a small weight, a unit of mass in the metric system)
(Greek: a hundred; many; a decimal prefix used in the international metric system for measurements)
(Latin: from -icalis, a suffix that forms adjectives from nouns; of or having to do with; having the nature of; constituting or being; containing or made up of; made by or caused by; like, characteristic of; art or system of thought; chemical terms)
(Greek: one thousand; a decimal prefix used in the international metric system for measurements and representing 103 or 1 000)
(Greek: small, tiny; also, a decimal prefix used in the international metric system for measurements)
(Latin: thousand; a decimal prefix used in the international metric system for measurements; including, thousandth, thousandths)
(Greek: dwarf, dwarfish; pygmy; "little old man;" very small or tiny; also, a decimal prefix used in the international metric system for measurements)
(Greek: feeling, sensation, perception; suffering, disease, or disorder; a system of treating diseases)
(Greek: derived from penta-, "five"; a decimal prefix used in the international metric system for measurements)
(Italian: very small or from Spanish, "beak, tip, very small"; and from Latin, beccus, beak; also, a decimal prefix used in the international metric system for measurements)
(Greek: gray; pertaining to the "gray matter" of the nervous system, brain, and the spinal cord)
(a political system that operates on a deficit and continues to print more and more money)
(a system that protects everyone who can afford to hire a good lawyer)
(Greek: "monster, marvel"; a decimal prefix used in the international metric system for measurements)
(unusual water recycling device is revealed)
(Greek: trokhilia, "pulley, system of pulleys, roller"; Latin: trochlea, "system of pulleys")
(Latin: womb; hollow, muscular organ of the female reproductive system in which the fertilized ovum, or egg, and the fetus, unborn baby, is nourished and grows until birth)
(GPS needed more accuracy; so, now we have WAAS)
(Greek: from octo-, "eight"; a decimal prefix used in the international metric system for measurements)
(Greek: from octo-, "eight"; a decimal prefix used in the international metric system for measurements)
(Latin: septo-, seven; a decimal prefix [10-21] used in the international metric system for measurements)
(Latin: septo-, "seven"; a decimal prefix [1021] used in the international metric system for measurements)
Word Entries containing the term: “system
ABS system
Anti-lock Braking System system
This entry is located in the following unit: Pleonasms or Tautological Redundancies (page 1)
anamorphic system
An optical system incorporating a cylindrical surface in which the image is distorted so the angle of coverage in a direction perpendicular to the cylinder is different for the image than for the object.
apparatus digestorius, digestive apparatus, systema digestorium, digestive organs, digestive system, alimentary system
The mouth, pharynx, and alimentary tract and their associated glands and organs; which are concerned with digestion, absorption, and excretion of food products: Suffering from constant digestive problems, Sid finally had a thorough series of medical tests on his apparatus digestorius.
This entry is located in the following unit: par-, para- (page 1)
apparatus respiratorius, respiratory apparatus, system respiratorium, respiratory system, respiratory tract
An interconnected series of air passages, cavernous organs, and cells that permit the introduction of oxygen, the exchange of gases, and the removal of carbon dioxide from the body as well as, in humans, the production of seech.

The anatomical components involved include the external nose and nasal cavity, the oral cavity and pharynx, paranasal sinuses, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, and thoracic cavity; as well as, the muscles related to their activities or functions.

This entry is located in the following unit: par-, para- (page 1)
catoptric system (s) (noun), catoptric systems (pl)
An optical setup in which images are produced by curved-surface mirrors: In the Fun Zone at the circus, Hayden's family saw a couple of catoptric systems which distorted the looks of their bodies making them look either very tall, very short, very fat, or very skinny, etc.
This entry is located in the following unit: catoptro-, catoptr- (page 1)
centimeter-gram-second system, CGS system
A system of measurement based on fundamental units of a centimeter for length, a gram for mass, and a second for time.

Introduced by the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1874, it was the system commonly used in science for many years, until eventually replaced with the MKS system (meter-kilogram-second system) and then the International System of Units (SI).

digital satellite system (DSS)
A system in which a satellite dish receives a digital signal, decodes the signal, and passes it to a television, radio receiver, or computer.

DSS's are expected to become more important as the TV and computer converge into a single medium for information and entertainment.

This entry is located in the following unit: digit-, digiti- (page 1)
DOS operating system
Disk Operating Ssystem operating system.
This entry is located in the following unit: Pleonasms or Tautological Redundancies (page 7)
electric distribution system, distribution system
Circuitry associated with or involving high-voltage switchgear, step-down transformers, voltage dividers, and other related equipment used to receive high-voltage electricity from a primary source and redistribute or route it at lower voltages to substations or other points of applications.
This entry is located in the following unit: electro-, electr-, electri- (page 8)
electric engine, electric propulsion system, electric rocket
1. In rocketry, a reaction engine in which the propellant is accelerated by an electrical device.
2. A rocket engine in which the propellant is accelerated by some electric device.
This entry is located in the following unit: electro-, electr-, electri- (page 9)
electric power system
1. A complex assemblage of equipment and circuits for generating, transmitting, transforming, and distributing electric energy.
2. The circuitry applied to many electrical devices, in which electric energy is generated, transmitted, transformed, and distributed in the form of heat or as a driving force to other motor-controlled systems.
This entry is located in the following unit: electro-, electr-, electri- (page 12)
electrical system
1. A system of wiring, switches, relays, and other electrical equipment that is associated with receiving and distributing electricity.
2. All of the conductors and electricity that use devices which are connected to a source of electromotive force or generator.
3. The equipment in a motor vehicle that provides electricity to start the engine and to ignite the fuel, to operate the lights, the windshield wipers, the heater, the air conditioner, and the radio.
This entry is located in the following unit: electro-, electr-, electri- (page 20)
electrical weighing system
An instrument that weighs an object by measuring the change in resistance caused by the deformation of a mechanical element loaded with the object.
This entry is located in the following unit: electro-, electr-, electri- (page 20)
Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System, EMALS
An electromagnetic system is a technology which is intended to replace the steam catapults that have been used on aircraft carriers since the mid-1950's.

The Navy plans to install the Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System on the USS Gerald R. Ford, a next-generation aircraft carrier scheduled to go into service in 2015.

The Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System technology is designed to handle newer, heavier, and faster aircraft than the traditional steam catapults, the Navy says.

The Navy says EMALS will provide "higher launch energy capacity;" improvements in system weight, maintenance, and efficiency; and greater accuracy of end-speed control and smooth acceleration at both high and low speeds".

The Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System is a multimegawatt electric power system involving generators, energy storage, power conversion, a 100,000 hp electric motor, and an advanced technology closed loop control system with diagnostic health monitoring.

This technology reduces stress on airframes because they can be accelerated more gradually to a takeoff speed than steam-powered catapults.

—Compiled from information located in a
"News Release" by the Naval Air Systems Command;
Patuxent River, Maryland; December 20, 2010.
This entry is located in the following unit: electro-, electr-, electri- (page 38)
electromagnetic library security system
A security system that uses magnetic strips in objects that are read by a scanner in an antenna or a sensitizer/desensitizer.
electromagnetic system of units, electromagnetic units, emu (noun) (plural used as a singular)
1. A system of electrical units, based on the centimeter, gram, and second, in which a unit of magnetic pole is by definition such that two units of the same sign placed one centimeter apart in free space will repel each other with a force of one dyne.

Units in the system are usually presented with the prefix ab-; such as, abampere, abvolt, etc.

2. A centimeter-gram-second system of electric and magnetic units in which the unit of current is defined as the current which, if maintained in two straight parallel wires having infinite length and being one centimeter apart in vacuum, would produce between these conductors a force of two dynes (units of force) per centimeter of length.

Other units are derived from this definition by assigning unit coefficients in equations relating electric and magnetic quantities.

This entry is located in the following units: electro-, electr-, electri- (page 42) uni-, un- (page 1)
electron optical system
A combination of parts capable of producing and controlling a beam of electrons to produce an image of an object.
This entry is located in the following unit: electro-, electr-, electri- (page 51)
electron transport system
1. A series of reduction-oxidation reactions, beginning with increased strength and ending in oxygen, which constitutes the final stage of aerobic respiration.

It is also involved in the light reaction of photosynthesis.

2. The components of the final sequence of reactions in biological oxidations.

They are composed of a series of oxidizing agents arranged in an order of increasing strength and terminating in oxygen.

This entry is located in the following units: electro-, electr-, electri- (page 53) trans-, tran-, tra- (page 3)
electronic data-processing system, electronic data processing system
1. A process consisting of electronic and other equipment that is used for high-speed data procedures.
2. A method used for data processing by means of machines using electronic circuitry at electronic speed, as opposed to electromechanical equipment.
3. Any machine or group of automatically intercommunicating machines that are capable of entering, receiving, sorting, classifying, computing and/or recording alphabetical or numerical accounting or statistical data without the use of tabulating cards.
This entry is located in the following units: electro-, electr-, electri- (page 61) -tron, -tronic, -tronics + (page 8)
electronic funds transfer system, EFTS (s) (noun), electronic funds transfer systems (pl)
1. A payment system in which the processing and communications necessary to effect monetary exchanges and the processing and communications necessary to effect financial exchanges and the processing and communications necessary for the production and distribution of the services that are incidental or related to the exchanges are dependent completely or in a large part on the use of electronics.
2. Electronic banking transactions conducted through computerized systems; such as, electronic funds transfer by automated-teller machines, intended to speed operations, to reduce costs, etc.

A customer inserts a magnetically encoded plastic card into the terminal, and then presses the appropriate keys to make deposits or withdrawals, transfer money to pay bills, and even to borrow money.

Such financial exchanges are dependent wholly or in a large part on the use of electronics.

This entry is located in the following units: electro-, electr-, electri- (page 63) trans-, tran-, tra- (page 3)
electronic identification system
When a digit number is painlessly planted under an animal's skin and can be picked up by scanners at pet shelters in order to identify a stolen or lost pet.
electronic switching, electronic switching system, ESS
1. An automatic system of switching electric circuits using semiconductor devices; such as, transistor combinational circuits, semiconductor diode matrices, and integrated circuits, to perform the selection and switching in telephone circuitry.
2. A telephone switching system which uses a computer with a storage-containing program switching logic, whose output actuates switches that set up telephone connections which perform most telephone central office switching functions automatically.

Electronic switching systems permit custom-calling services; such as, speed dialing, call transfer, and three-way calling.

3. The use of electronic circuits to perform the functions of a high-speed switch.
This entry is located in the following unit: electro-, electr-, electri- (page 69)
enhanced geothermal system (s) (noun), enhanced geothermal systems (pl)
A system used to extract heat from the less productive margins of existing geothermal fields, or from entirely new fields that are lacking sufficient production capacity under current conditions by utilizing a combination of hydraulic, thermal, and chemical processes; such as, rock fracturing, water injection, or water circulation.
This entry is located in the following unit: alto-, alt-, alti- (page 2)
Galileo Navigation System
This entry is located in the following units: Information Technology (IT): Units Listed (page 1) nav- (page 1)
geocentric coordinate system (s) (noun), geocentric coordinate systems (pl)
1. In astronomy, geocentric coordinates: A geocentric coordinate system is an arrangement of celestial coordinates located with respect to the center of the Earth.
2. In cartography, a set of map coordinates which define the position of a point with respect to the center of the Earth: In class, Mr. Smart asked the students to study the geocentric coordinate system and to measure the different geocentric distances from given points.
This entry is located in the following units: centro-, centr-, centri-, kentro- (page 6) geo-, ge- + (page 4)
geographic information system, GIS (s) (noun), geographic information systems (pl)
The computer hardware, software, and technical expertise applied to assemble and to analyze geographical data: The CIS is especially used for the correlation of databases with graphic displays in order to present information, and it is frequently employed in environmental studies.

The geographic information system is an organized collection of computer hardware, software, geographic data, and personnel designed to efficiently capture, store, update, manipulate, analyze, and display all forms of geographically referenced information which can be drawn from different sources, both statistical and mapped.

Geographic information systems are computer programs linking features commonly seen on maps, such as roads, town boundaries, and water bodies, with related information not usually presented on maps, for example, type of road surface, population, type of agriculture, type of vegetation, or water quality information.

The GIS is a unique information system in which individual observations can be spatially referenced to each other.

The geographic information system is a technology that is used to view and analyze data from a geographic perspective. The technology is a piece of an organization's overall information system framework.

The GIS links locations to information, such as people to addresses, buildings to parcels of land, or streets within a network, and layers that information to give a better understanding of how it all interrelates. The user can then choose which layers to combine based on his/her purpose.


There's more information at the Geographic Information System (GIS): Index

A
Geographic Information System, GIS, Geography, Part 1
Geographic Information System, GIS, Geography, Part 2
Geographic Information System, GIS, Mapping an Iowa County
Geographic Information System, GIS: Index
geographical information system, geographic information system, GIS (s) (noun); geographical information systems; geographic information systems (pl)
1. A computer system specialized for the storage, manipulation, and presentation of geographical information: A geographical information system is used for topography, political subdivisions, geology, vegetation, flood plains, etc.
2. A computerized system which relates and displays data collected from a geographic entityto in the form of a map: A geographical information system overlays existing data with new information and displays it in color on a computer screen. It is used primarily to conduct analyses and make decisions related to geology, ecology, land use, demographics, transportation, and other domains, most of which relate to the human use of the physical environment.

Through this process of geocoding, the geographic data from a database is converted into images in the form of maps.

This entry is located in the following units: geo-, ge- + (page 11) grapho-, graph-, -graph, -graphy, -grapher, -graphia (page 37)
geothermal system (s) (noun), geothermal systems (pl)
A localized geological environment in which circulating steam, or hot water, carries some of the Earth's natural internal heat flow close enough to the surface to be utilized for productive human use: A geothermal system is one kind of technological system that makes use of this heat as an energy source, such as to power an electrical power plant, or to heat or to cool a building.

Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS)
This entry is located in the following units: Information Technology (IT): Units Listed (page 1) nav- (page 1)
Global Positioning System (GPS), Part 1
Information about Global Positioning System or GPS, Part 1, Defined and Showing Improvements in Accuracy.
This entry is located in the following unit: Global Positioning System (GPS): Index of Articles (page 1)
Global Positioning System (GPS), Part 2
Information about Global Positioning System or GPS, Part 2, with more background.
This entry is located in the following unit: Global Positioning System (GPS): Index of Articles (page 1)
Global Positioning System (GPS), Part 3
Information about Global Positioning System or GPS, Part 3, with more technical background.
This entry is located in the following unit: Global Positioning System (GPS): Index of Articles (page 1)
Global Positioning System (GPS), Part 4
Information about Global Positioning System or GPS, Part 4, explains that both military and civilian uses are available.
This entry is located in the following unit: Global Positioning System (GPS): Index of Articles (page 1)
Global Positioning System (GPS), Part 5
Information about Global Positioning System or GPS, Part 5, GPS expected to advance into consumer mainstream.
This entry is located in the following unit: Global Positioning System (GPS): Index of Articles (page 1)
Global Positioning System (GPS): Index of Articles
GPS Index.
This entry is located in the following unit: Information Technology (IT): Units Listed (page 1)
Global Positioning System (GPS): Pygmy elephants tracked by GPS
Using satellite tracking (GPS) of five pygmy elephants in Borneo with the objective that these and their fellow species can survive man's expansion into their natural habitat.
This entry is located in the following unit: Global Positioning System (GPS): Index of Articles (page 1)
Global Positioning System (GPS): Segway and GPS
Segway, a modern invention, offers GPS with their transporter.
This entry is located in the following unit: Global Positioning System (GPS): Index of Articles (page 1)
GPS: Global Positioning System
1. A system of satellites, computers, and receivers that is able to determine the latitude and longitude of a receiver on Earth by calculating the time difference for signals from different satellites to reach the receiver.
2. A satellite-based radio navigation system run by the U.S. Department of Defense.

It was designed so that signals from four satellites would be available at any point on the earth. By triangulation of these signals, a receiving unit can pinpoint its current location (longitude and latitude) as well as altitude to within 20 meters. The first GPS satellite was launched in 1978.

This entry is located in the following unit: Global Positioning System (GPS), Defined (page 1)
ignition system
A collective term for the components of an internal combustion engine that produce the spark to ignite the mixture of fuel and air; that is, the battery, ignition coil, spark plugs, distributor, and associated switches and wiring.
This entry is located in the following unit: ign-, igni-, ignis- (page 2)
masticating apparatus, masticatory apparatus, stomatognathic system, masticatory system organs of mastication
All of the structures involved in mastication, including the teeth, jaws, temporomandibular joint (jaw joint formed by the mandible [lower jaw bone] moving against the temporal [temple and side] bone of the skull), muscles of mastication, tongue, and the associated nervous system.
This entry is located in the following unit: par-, para- (page 3)
multiple star system
A gravitationally bound group of two or more stars that orbit a common center of mass.
This entry is located in the following unit: multi-, mult- (page 6)
multiuser system
A computer system that can be accessed by users at multiple terminals.
This entry is located in the following unit: multi-, mult- (page 8)
parasympathetic nervous system
The part of the involuntary nervous system which serves to slow the heart rate, increase intestinal and glandular activity, and to relax the sphincter muscles.

The parasympathetic nervous system, together with the sympathetic nervous system, constitutes the autonomic nervous system.

The autonomic nervous system is the part of the nervous system which regulates key involuntary functions of the body, including the activity of the heart muscle; the smooth muscles, including the muscles of the intestinal tract; and the glands.

This entry is located in the following unit: nervo-, nerv-, nervi- (page 3)
photovoltaic system
A complete set of components for converting solar energy into electricity by the photovoltaic effect, including the array and balance of system constituents.
This entry is located in the following units: photo-, phot-, -photic (page 16) volt + (page 3)
polymorphic system
In computer technology, referring to a computer system in which major parts or units are held in a common pool, assigned to executing programs based on need, and returned to the pool when they are no longer needed.
saprobic system
A system by which a body of polluted water is divided into zones characterized by the presence of certain organisms that are treated as indicators of the degree of pollution.
This entry is located in the following unit: sapro-, sapr-, sap- + (page 1)
solar home system (SHS)
A stand-alone electrical power supply system for single buildings by means of solar energy, typically used to operate small appliances in rural areas without electrification.
This entry is located in the following unit: sol-, soli-, solo- + (page 4)
solar power satellite system (SPS)
A proposed system to supply power from space for use on the earth.

The SPS system, or solar power satellite system, would have a huge array of solar cells that would generate electrical power to be beamed to earth in the form of microwave energy sent to a central receiver.

This entry is located in the following unit: sol-, soli-, solo- + (page 4)
spherical-coordinate system
A three-dimensional system for locating points in space b means of a radius vector and two angles measured from the center of a sphere with respect to two arbitrary, fixed, perpendicular directions.
This entry is located in the following unit: sphero-, spher-, -sphere- (page 13)
sympathetic nervous system
1. A sympathetic nerve or the sympathetic nervous system is a set or series of interconnected or interdependent parts of entities, objects, organs, or organisms that function together in a common purpose or produce results impossible of achievement by one of them acting or operating alone.
2. A part of the nervous system which serves to accelerate the heart rate, to constrict blood vessels, and to raise blood pressure.

The sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system are parts of the autonomic nervous system.

This entry is located in the following unit: nervo-, nerv-, nervi- (page 3)
tandem system
1. In computer science, a computing system in which there are two central processing units, usually with one controlling the other, and with data proceeding from one processing unit into the other.
2. A system composed of two computers both of which are executing the same problem at the same time.

It may be either a redundant system or a master/slave configuration.

This entry is located in the following unit: tandem (page 1)
transmission system
An interconnected group of electric transmission lines and associated equipment for transferring electric energy in bulk between a point of supply and a point at which it is delivered to consumers or to another electrical system.
This entry is located in the following units: miss-, mis-, -miss, -mis, mit-, mitt-, -mit, -mitt (page 7) trans-, tran-, tra- (page 14)
vision optical system
In robotics, a system of visual feedback based on various devices; such as, video cameras, photocells, or other appliances, allowing a robot to recognize objects or to measure their characteristics.
This entry is located in the following unit: vid-, video-, vis-, -vision, -visional, -visionally, visuo-, vu- (page 15)
Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS)
This entry is located in the following unit: Information Technology (IT): Units Listed (page 2)
(a system of sounds for each symbol)
Word Entries at Get Words containing the term: “system
adversary system
A legal system involving a contest between two opposing parties under a judge who is an impartial arbiter.
This entry is located in the following unit: Criminal Court Words or Judicial Terms + (page 1)
alarm-defense system
Defensive behavior which also functions as an alarm signaling device within the colony.

Examples include the use by certain ant species of chemical defensive secretions that double as alarm pheromones.

This entry is located in the following unit: Ant and Related Entomology Terms (page 1)
alarm-recruitment system
A communication system that rallies nest mates to some particular place to aid in the defense of the colony.

An example is the odor trail system of lower termites, which is used to recruit colony members to the vicinity of intruders and breaks in the nest wall.

This entry is located in the following unit: Ant and Related Entomology Terms (page 2)
antilock brake system, ABS
An electronic control system that applies a car's brakes in short bursts to prevent skidding.
This entry is located in the following unit: Automobile or Related Car Terms (page 1)
assigned counsel system
A program wherein indigent clients (people lacking money) are charged with crimes may have defense attorneys appointed for them.

These defense attorneys may be private attorneys who agree to be rotated to perform such services for a low rate of reimbursement (payment) from the city, county, or state.

This entry is located in the following unit: Criminal Court Words or Judicial Terms + (page 3)
autonomic nervous system (s) (noun), autonomic nervous systems (pl)
Part of the nervous system that controls involuntary functions: The autonomic nervous system governs or regulates the heart rate and the activity of the intestines.
This entry is located in the following unit: Anatomy and Related Anatomical Terms (page 3)
autonomous system
A hybrid photovoltaic system not connected to a grid.
This entry is located in the following unit: Photovoltaic Conversion Efficiency Terms + (page 2)
bail system
The practice of releasing defendants after they place a financial guarantee with the court to ensure their subsequent trial appearance.

Usually defendants may place the entire amount with the court or pay a premium to a bondsman.

This entry is located in the following unit: Criminal Court Words or Judicial Terms + (page 5)
balance of system
Represents all components and costs other than the photovoltaic modules/array.

It includes design costs, land, site preparation, system installation, support structures, power conditioning, operation and maintenance costs, indirect storage, and related costs.

This entry is located in the following unit: Photovoltaic Conversion Efficiency Terms + (page 2)
battery capacity, system storage
The maximum total electrical charge, expressed in ampere-hours, which a battery can deliver to a load under a specific set of conditions.
This entry is located in the following unit: Photovoltaic Conversion Efficiency Terms + (page 3)
binary system
A method of counting that uses only two digits: 1 and 0.
cardiovascular system (s), cardiovascular systems (pl) (nouns)
Those vital areas in the body that consist of the heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, and blood. These bodily parts are involved in the circulations of blood and to transport oxygen and nutrients to cells, and to carry waste products to the kidneys where waste is removed by filtration.

The term cardiovascular refers to the heart and blood vessels and these body elements work together to pump blood to all of the areas of the body.

  • Blood is the fluid tissue which moves oxygen and nutrients to the other body tissues.
  • In addition, blood returns some waste elements from the tissues to the kidneys and carries carbon dioxide back to the lungs.
  • Blood cells are also important contributors to the immune system.
  • The heart is that hollow, muscular organ, which is located between the lungs and under normal conditions, it is a very effective pump that supplies the power to maintain the blood flow that is needed throughout the entire body system.
This entry is located in the following unit: Body Systems and Functions of the Various Parts of the Body (page 1)
caste system
1. A rigid system of class distinction.
2. A form of stratification defined by unequal access to economic resources and prestige, which is acquired at birth and does not permit individuals to alter their rank.
circulatory system
The heart, the blood, and the blood vessels.
decimal system
The number system in use throughout most of the world today, based on 10.
decimal system
The system of notation for real numbers that uses place values and base 10.

The numbers to the right of the decimal point represent a fractional part of a whole number.

This entry is located in the following unit: Measurements and Mathematics Terms (page 5)
digestive system (s), digestive systems (pl) (nouns)
The components that are essential for the successful integration of food into the body; such as, the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines, liver, and pancreas; all of which digest ingested (eaten) food or nutritional elements so they can be absorbed into the bloodstream and then these organs also eliminate body wastes.

The various digestive or gastrointestinal-tract systems include the following:

The oral cavity or mouth area:

  • The lips form the opening to the mouth.
  • When a person eats, the lips hold the food in the mouth and aid the tongue and cheeks to guide food between the teeth for chewing.

  • The palate that forms the roof of the mouth:

  • The hard palate is the bony back part of the palate which is covered with specialized mucous membrane.
  • The soft palate is the flexible back part which functions as closing the nasal passage during swallowing to prevent food and liquid from moving up into the nasal cavity.
  • The uvula hangs from the free edge of the soft palate and during the swallowing process, it moves up with the soft palate.

  • The tongue which helps in speech and moves food during chewing and swallowing:

  • The top of the tongue is the dorsum which has a tough protective covering and, in some areas, small bumps known as papillae which contain taste buds, which are the sensory receptors for the sense of taste.
  • The sublingual part of the tongue has tissues under the tongue that are covered with delicate tissues that are very vascular or containing many blood vessels.
  • The presence of the rich blood supply under the tongue makes it good for administering certain medications where they are quickly absorbed into the blood system.
  • The lingual frenum attaches the tongue to the bottom of the mouth and limits it movements.

  • Soft tissues of the mouth:

  • The periodontium that consists of the bone and soft tissues that surround and support the teeth.
  • The gingiva which is commonly known as the gums are the specialized mucous membrane that surrounds the teeth, covers the bone of the dental arches, and lines the cheeks.

  • The dental arches:

  • The boney parts of the mouth cavity include the maxillary and mandibular arches.
  • These formations are commonly referred to as the upper and lower jaws that hold the teeth in position for chewing and speaking.
  • At the back of the mouth where the maxillary and mandibular arches come together is call the temporomandibular joint.
  • The maxillary arch does not move because it is part of the skull.
  • The mandibular arch is a separate bone and it is a moveable part of the joint.

  • The teeth:

  • The natural teeth that are arranged in the upper and lower jaws are called dentition.
  • Human dentition includes four types of teeth:
    1. Incisors and canines, or cuspids, that make it possible to bite and to tear food apart.
    2. Premolars, or bicuspids, and molars that are used for the chewing and the grinding of food.
  • Primary dentition, or deciduous dentition, or "baby teeth", contain twenty teeth which are usually lost during childhood which consist of eight incisors, four canines, eight molars, and no premolars; all of which are replaced with the "permanent" teeth.
  • Permanent dentition normally has thirty-two teeth which include eight incisors, four canines, eight premolars, and twelve molars.
  • After the natural "permanent teeth" have been lost, the condition is called edentulous or "without teeth".
  • Occlusion of the teeth refers to the contacts that are made between the chewing surfaces of the lower and upper teeth.
  • Any situation that is not a "normal positioning" of the upper teeth against the lower teeth is called "malocclusion".

  • Salivary glands and saliva:

  • Saliva provides liquids for the mouth, begins the process of digestion, and lubricates food during the chewing and swallowing process all of which are provided by three pairs of salivary glands that secrete saliva which is carried by ducts into the mouth.
    1. The parotid glands that are located on the face in front of and slightly below each ear, have ducts on the inside of the cheek near the upper molars.
    2. The sublingual glands and their ducts are located on the bottom of the mouth are under the tongue.
    3. The submandibular glands are located on the bottom of the mouth with their ducts near the mandible.

    The pharynx, commonly known as the throat, controls the transportation of air, food, and liquids:

  • During swallowing, the soft palate, which is the muscular back part of the roof of the mouth moves up and backward to close off the nasopharynx which prevents food or liquids from going up into the nose.
  • There is also the epiglottis that is like a lid located at the base of the tongue and which swings downward and closes off the laryngopharynx so food doesn't go into the trachea (windpipe) and the lungs.

  • The stomach which is an organ like a sac that is shaped similar to a small bag:

  • The stomach is composed of the fundus (upper, rounded part), the body (main section), and antrum (lower portion).
  • Rugae are the folds in the mucosa that line the inside of the stomach and the glands that are located inside these folds produce gastric juices, which help to digest food and liquids, and mucus that functions to create a protective coating for the lining of the stomach.
  • In addition, there is the pyorus which is the narrow passage that connects the stomach with the small intestine.
  • Another section that exists before going into the duodenum is a kind of muscle that controls the flow of digested elements from the stomach.

  • The small intestine is a coiled organ that is up to twenty feet in length which goes from the pyloric sphincter to the first part of the large intestine and has three sections where food is digested and the nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream:

    1. The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine that extends from the pylorus to the jejunum.
    2. The jejunum consists of the middle section of the small intestine and goes from the duodenum to the ileum.
    3. Then the last and longest part of the small intestine goes from the jejunum to the cecum of the large intestine.
This entry is located in the following unit: Body Systems and Functions of the Various Parts of the Body (page 1)
endocrine system (s), endocrine systems (pl) (nouns)
The glands and other structures that consist of the adrenal glands (near the kidneys), gonads, pancreas, parathyroids (glands situated above or within the thyroid gland), pineal (small, conical endocrine gland), pituitary (main endocrine gland in the head), thymus (glandular organ at the base of the neck), and thyroids (glands near the base of the neck); all of which are involved with the secretion of hormones that are released directly into the circulatory system, influencing metabolism and other body processes.
This entry is located in the following unit: Body Systems and Functions of the Various Parts of the Body (page 1)
grid-connected system, grid connected system, gridconnected system; grid-interactive system, grid interactive system
A solar electric or photovoltaic (PV) system in which the PV array acts like a central generating plant, supplying power to the grid.
This entry is located in the following unit: Photovoltaic Conversion Efficiency Terms + (page 9)
hybrid system
A solar electric or photovoltaic system that includes other sources of electricity generation; such as, wind or diesel generators.
This entry is located in the following unit: Photovoltaic Conversion Efficiency Terms + (page 10)
image photon counting system, IPCS
An electronic detector system that has contributed to the knowledge of astronomy.

This detector is a four-stage, magnetically-focused image intensifier, coupled via a lens to a plumbicon television camera tube.

A plumbicon is the development of the vidicon television camera tube in which the photosensitive material is lead oxide.

A plumbicon is a registered trademark of Philips for its Lead Oxide (PbO) target vidicons or camera tubes in which a charge-density patterns are formed by photoconduction and stored on photoconductor surfaces that are scanned by electron beams; usually, of low-velocity electrons; used chiefly in industrial television cameras.

This entry is located in the following unit: Astronomy and related astronomical terms (page 13)
immune system (s), immune systems (pl) (nouns)
Complex units of interconnected or interdependent components or entities that function against foreign organisms or substances; such organs include, the tonsils, spleen, thymus, skin, and specialized blood cells; that defend the body against invading pathogens (germs) and allergens (substances that can cause allergies or sneezing, itching, and skin rashes).
This entry is located in the following unit: Body Systems and Functions of the Various Parts of the Body (page 1)
integumentary system (s), integumentary systems (pl) (nouns)
The integumentary elements include the skin, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands; whose functions are to protect the body against the invasion of bacteria and to aid in regulating body temperature and water content.

Sebaceous glands are small oil-producing glands in the skin which are usually connected to a hair follicle by a duct into which it releases sebum, a component of the slightly greasy film on the skin that helps keep it flexible and prevents too much water loss or absorption.

The glands are distributed over the entire body except the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet, most abundantly on the scalp and the face.

This entry is located in the following unit: Body Systems and Functions of the Various Parts of the Body (page 1)
International System of Units, SI; Système Internationale d’Unités
All systems of weights and measures, metric and non-metric, are linked through a network of international agreements supporting the International System of Units.

The International System is called the SI, using the first two initials of its French name Système International d'Unités.

The primary agreement is the "Treaty of the Meter" or the Convention du Mètre, signed in Paris on May 20, 1875.

Forty-eight nations have signed the treaty, including all the major industrialized countries. The United States is a charter member of the metric club, having signed the original document back in 1875.

Each SI unit is represented by a symbol, not an abbreviation. The use of unit symbols is regulated by precise rules.

These symbols are the same in every language of the world; however, the names of the units themselves vary in spelling according to national procedures; therefore, it is correct for Americans to write meter and Germans to write Meter, and it is also correct for the British to write metre, Italians to write metro, and Poles to write metr.

There is no official spelling of the SI units; however, the SI does provide the names, the definitions, and the symbols of the units which must be followed even when the spellings are different as shown below.

The fundamental SI unit of length has numerous spellings

  • meter (American English, Danish, Dutch, German, Hungarian, Norwegian, Slovak, and Swedish)
  • metr (Czech, Polish, Russian, Ukrainian)
  • metras (Lithuanian)
  • metre (British, Australian, Canadian and New Zealand English; French)
  • metri (Finnish)
  • metro (Basque, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

A list of elements associated with the International System of Units (SI)

  • ampere (unit of measurement)
  • are (unit of area measurement)
  • atomic second
  • candela (cd) (SI unit of measurement)
  • centimeter (cm) (unit of measurement)
  • coulomb (unit of energy measurement)
  • farad (unit of measurement)
  • gram (gm or g) (measurement)
  • hectare (unit of measurement)
  • henry (unit of energy measurement)
  • hertz (unit of measurement)
  • joule (unit of energy measurement)
  • kelvin (K) (unit of measurement)
  • kilogram (kg) (unit of measurement)
  • kilometer (km) (unit of measurement)
  • liter (l) (unit of measurement)
  • lumen (unit of energy measurement)
  • lux (unit of energy measurement)
  • megohm (electronics)
  • meter (m) (measurement)
  • metric ton (unit of weight)
  • micrometer (unit of measurement)
  • millimeter (mm) (unit of measurement)
  • mole (chemistry)
  • nanometer (unit of measurement)
  • nanotesla (physics)
  • newton (unit of measurement)
  • ohm (unit of energy measurement)
  • pascal (Pa ) (unit of energy measurement)
  • second (unit of time)
  • siemens (S) (unit of energy measurement)
  • tesla (unit of energy measurement)
  • unit (measurement)
  • volt (unit of measurement)
  • watt (unit of measurement)
  • weber (unit of measurement)

Compiled partly from information located at the
Encyclopedia Britannica on line.
This entry is located in the following unit: Measurements and Mathematics Terms (page 7)
lymphatic system (s), lymphatic systems (pl) (nouns)
The lymphatic components are the lymph, lymphatic vessels, and lymph nodes; all of which remove and transport waste products from the fluid between the cells, destroy harmful substances; such as, pathogens and cancer cells in the lymph nodes; and in addition, they return the filtered lymph to the bloodstream where it becomes plasma again.

The following elements of the lymphatic and the immune systems function together to protect and to maintain the health of the body.

  • The lymph is the fluid that removes cellular wastes, pathogens, and dead blood cells from the tissues.
  • Lymphatic vessels and ducts return lymph from the tissue to the circulatory system.
  • Lymph nodes filter pathogens and harmful substances from the lymph.
  • Tonsils and adenoids protect the entry into the respiratory system.
  • The spleen filters foreign materials from the blood, maintains the appropriate balance betwwen cells and plasma in the blood, and destroys worn-out blood cells, releases hemoglobin, acts as a blood reservoir, and stores platelets.
  • Bone marrow produces blood cells.
  • Lymphocytes are the specialized white blood cells which play an important role in immune reactions.
  • The thymus secretes the endocrine thymosin that aids in the maturation of T lymphocytes which are used by the immune system.
  • The immune system defends the body against harmful substances; such as, pathogenic micro-organisms, allergens, toxins, and bad or dangerous cells.
This entry is located in the following unit: Body Systems and Functions of the Various Parts of the Body (page 1)
muscular system (s), muscular systems (pl) (nouns)
The muscles, fascia, and tendons; which hold the body erect, make movements possible, and move the body fluids and produce body heat.

Fascia is the flat band of tissue under the skin that covers the underlying tissues and separates different layers of tissues; and it encloses muscles.

This entry is located in the following unit: Body Systems and Functions of the Various Parts of the Body (page 1)
nervous system (s), nervous systems (pl) (nouns)
The organs in the body that utilize nerves, the brain, and the spinal cord; all of which coordinate the reception of stimuli and transmit messages throughout the body.
This entry is located in the following unit: Body Systems and Functions of the Various Parts of the Body (page 1)
organ system
Two or more organs interacting chemically, physically, or both, in ways that contribute to the survival of the whole organism.
This entry is located in the following unit: Biology Terms + (page 3)
photovoltaic system
A complete set of components for converting sunlight into electricity by the photovoltaic process, including the array and balance of system components.
This entry is located in the following unit: Photovoltaic Conversion Efficiency Terms + (page 16)
photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) system
A photovoltaic system that, in addition to converting sunlight into electricity, collects the residual heat energy and delivers both heat and electricity in usable form. Also called a "total energy system".
This entry is located in the following unit: Photovoltaic Conversion Efficiency Terms + (page 16)
Ptolemaic system, Ptolemy; Latin, Claudius Ptolemaeus
Ptolemy (about A.D. 100 to about A.D. 170) was an Egyptian astronomer, mathematician, and geographer of Greek descent who flourished in Alexandria during the second century A.D.

In several fields his writings represent the culminating achievement of Greco-Roman science, particularly his geocentric (earth-centered) model of the universe now known as the Ptolemaic system.

Nothing is known about Ptolemy's life except what can be inferred from his writings. His first major astronomical work, the Almagest (from a hybrid of Arabic and Greek, "the greatest"), was completed about A.D 150 and contains reports of astronomical observations which Ptolemy made over the preceding quarter of a century.

The size and content of his subsequent literary production suggests that he lived until about A.D. 170.

This entry is located in the following unit: Astronomy and related astronomical terms (page 21)
respiratory system (s), respiratory systems (pl) (nouns)
Breathing actions that involve the nose, pharynx, trachea, larynx, and lungs; providing oxygen into the body for transference to the cells of the body, and removing carbon dioxide and some water waste from the physical structure.
This entry is located in the following unit: Body Systems and Functions of the Various Parts of the Body (page 1)
robot system
A group of devices that form a network to control the work of a robot.
This entry is located in the following unit: Robots, Robotic Topics, and Robot References + (page 3)
satellite power system; SPS
Concept for providing large amounts of electricity for use on the earth from one or more satellites in geosynchronous earth orbit.

A very large array of solar cells on each satellite would provide electricity, which would be converted to microwave energy and beamed to a receiving antenna on the ground. There, it would be reconverted into electricity and distributed the same as any other centrally generated power, through a grid.

skeletal system (s), skeletal systems (pl) (nouns)
Primary structures of the body that include the bones, bone marrow, cartilage, joints, ligaments, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, and the bursa; all of which support and shape the body, protect the internal organs, and form some of the blood cells and store minerals.

The various parts of the skeletal system provide essential elements for the body to survive.

  • Bones provide the structures for the body, protect the internal organs, and store mineral calcium.
  • Bone marrow forms some blood cells while yellow bone morrow stores fat.
  • Cartilage creates a smooth surface for motions within the joints and also provides protection for the ends of the bones that are parts of the joints.
  • The joints, or points of connections between two bones, function with the muscles to make a variety of movements possible.
  • Ligaments are tough tissues that connect and allow for a range of motions of the joints between bones.
  • The synovial membrane forms the lining of synovial joints and secretes synovial fluid.
  • Synovial fluid is used to lubricate the joints so they can move smoothly and easily.
  • The bursa is the small fluid-filled sac located between movable parts of the body especially at the joints.
This entry is located in the following unit: Body Systems and Functions of the Various Parts of the Body (page 1)
solar system
The collective name for the sun and all the bodies that orbit around it, including the major planets, their satellites, periodic comets and the asteroids.

Its boundary could be taken as the outermost point reached by Pluto or about fifty astronomical units from the sun.

This entry is located in the following unit: Astronomy and related astronomical terms (page 24)
stand-alone system, remote system
An autonomous or hybrid photovoltaic system not connected to a grid.

It may, or may not, have storage; but most stand-alone systems require batteries or some other form of storage.

This entry is located in the following unit: Photovoltaic Conversion Efficiency Terms + (page 20)
system availability
The percentage of time (usually expressed in hours per year) when a photovoltaic system will be able to fully meet the load demand.
This entry is located in the following unit: Photovoltaic Conversion Efficiency Terms + (page 21)
system operating voltage
The photovoltaic array output voltage under load.

The system operating voltage is dependent on the load or batteries connected to the output terminals.

This entry is located in the following unit: Photovoltaic Conversion Efficiency Terms + (page 21)
urinary system (s), urinary systems (pl) (nouns)
The interconnected organs that include the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra; which all serve as filters of the blood that removes bodily waste, and maintains the electrolyte and fluid balances within the body.
This entry is located in the following unit: Body Systems and Functions of the Various Parts of the Body (page 1)