1. A type of chromatography that utilizes the application of an electric potential to produce an electric differential (the difference between two effects, motions, forces, etc.).
2. A chemical separation technique in analytical chemistry, biochemistry, and molecular biology which is used to resolve and to separate mostly large biomolecules; such as, proteins.

Electrochromatography is a combination of size exclusion chromatography (gel filtration chromatography) and gel electrophoresis.

The term "gel" in this instance refers to the matrix used to contain, then separate the target molecules.