The study or the social science of the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services and with the theory and management of economies or economic systems which include material goods and financial resources.

A school of economic thought involving analysts from diverse fields who use basic ecological and thermodynamic principles to analyze the economic process.

Rivalry in supplying or acquiring economic services or goods.

Sellers compete with other sales people, and buyers with other buyers and in its perfect form, there is competition among many small buyers and sellers, none of whom is too large to affect the market as a whole.

Competition is often reduced by many limitations, including copyrights, patents, and governmental regulations; such as, fair-trade laws, minimum wage laws, and wage and price controls.

A school of economic thought that views the economy as an evolving system (on the model of the biosphere) and emphasizes dynamics, changing structures, and disequilibrium processes; such as, would occur in biological evolution.

The scientific subject field applying economic theories and methods to affairs within legal frameworks: Forensic economics can cover such areas as the lost value of a business, decreased business profits, the unknown value of a household service, replacement labor costs; and future medical-care costs.

The study of the brain in making economic decisions; especially, to build a biological model of decision-making in economic environments.

The goal is to observe and to measure what's happening in the brain when people are making decisions with the purpose of understanding human social interactions through every level from synapse to society.